Virology Quiz 1 Hepatitis

Front 1

what is the method of transmission for Hep A? is viremia a component of this virus' infection?

Back 1

fecal oral; yes

Front 2

to which class of viruses does Hep A belong?

Back 2

picornavirus

Front 3

where in the world is Hep A most common?

Back 3

first world (due to passive-active immunity in 3rd world countries)

Front 4

what is the incubation period of Hep A?

Back 4

30 days

Front 5

what are the symptoms of a patient presenting with Hep A? are LFT's normal or abnormal?

Back 5

anorexia, sweating, nausea, jaundice; abnormal

Front 6

what is the reason for the jaundice seen in hepatitis patients?

Back 6

blockage at secretion of bilirubin into bile

Front 7

what is the mechanism of liver destruction in Hep A?

Back 7

lysis of infected cells to release progeny virions

Front 8

what are the 5 types of epidemics with Hep A?

Back 8

1) water borne, 2) raw or undercooked shellfish, 3) within the family, 4) from an infected food handler, 5) from imported fecally contaminated food

Front 9

what is notable about the feces in hepatitis patients? The urine?

Back 9

it is pale due to lack of bilirubin release into intestine; it is very dark in color

Front 10

when do abnormal LFTs show up for a patient with Hep A? with Hep B?

Back 10

1.5 months; 4 months

Front 11

can Hep A be spread by blood?

Back 11

yes

Front 12

other than a killed vaccine, how is Hep A treated?

Back 12

pooled IgG

Front 13

what is the duration of the protection from Hep A provided by pooled IgG?

Back 13

4 mos

Front 14

what is the mechanism of action of the pooled igG given for Hep A?

Back 14

passive active

Front 15

what type of vaccine is available for Hep A?

Back 15

formaldehyde killed

Front 16

does a reliable serological test for Ab to Hep A exist?

Back 16

yes

Front 17

what does it mean if patient has IgG-/IgM- to Hep A? IgG+/IgM-? IgG+/IgM+?

Back 17

current disease is not HepA, never had vaccine or disease; current disease is not Hep A, infected or vaccine in past; acute infection with Hep A or recent vaccine

Front 18

why is a IgM+/IgG- rarely seen in a patient tested for Hep A?

Back 18

bc the IgG response begins before the patient is symptomatic

Front 19

what three parameters are usually used to orient an epidemic?

Back 19

place, person, time

Front 20

what is the difference between incidence and prevalence?

Back 20

incidence has time as a denominator; prevalence has place

Front 21

what type of virus is Hep B?

Back 21

hepadnavirus

Front 22

what is the nature of the DNA of Hep B viruses?

Back 22

circular that is mostly ds with some ss regions

Front 23

what type of DNA pol is present in the Hep B virion?

Back 23

reverse transcriptase

Front 24

is the Hep B virus enveloped or not?

Back 24

yes

Front 25

what is the incubation period of Hep B?

Back 25

70 days

Front 26

is the onset of Hep A sudden or insidious? Hep B?

Back 26

sudden; insidious

Front 27

what are the 3 modes of transmission of Hep B?

Back 27

bloodborne, STD, perinatal

Front 28

is there a serological test available for Hep B?

Back 28

yes

Front 29

what are the 2 categories of Hep B antigens that have been identified?

Back 29

surface (envelope glycoprotein) and core (nucleocapsid)

Front 30

which Hep B antigen has the highest correlation to presence of infectious Hep B with progression to hepatic carcinoma?

Back 30

E antigen

Front 31

what is the mechanism of hepatocyte damage in Hep B?

Back 31

Tc cell destruction -- envelopes do not kill cells

Front 32

what percentage of Hep B infections are chronic in nature? With which conditions is this chronicity of infection associated?

Back 32

5%; chronic hepatits and primary liver carcinoma

Front 33

perinatal transmission of Hep B virus from seropositive mothers to neonate will result in what percentage of neonates becoming chronic Hep B carriers? What percentage of these carriers will die of liver cancer or chronic hepatitis?

Back 33

90%; 25%

Front 34

how can perinatal transmission of Hep B be most effectlvely prevented?

Back 34

dual pooled IgG AND killed vaccine (both together)

Front 35

what is a subunit vaccine? These are considered to be a member of which vaccine class?

Back 35

when only a viral antigen is isolated and injected; killed vaccines

Front 36

what type of people usually contribute to the pooled igG used to treat Hep A and B?

Back 36

highly immune people -- the most Ab, the better!

Front 37

what type of vaccine is the Hep B vaccine?

Back 37

subunit

Front 38

what is the 'window period'?

Back 38

the interval between the time that a donor can transmit the given virus and the time that that donor's infection can be detected by the test done with donated blood

Front 39

is the window period generally longer for a serological or PCR test?

Back 39

serological

Front 40

what type of virus is hep c?

Back 40

flavivirus

Front 41

what is the nature of the genome of Hep C?

Back 41

plus-stranded RNA

Front 42

is Hep C an enveloped virus?

Back 42

yes

Front 43

what is the most commonly performed and most sensitive test for Hep C detection?

Back 43

PCR test

Front 44

how long is the incubation pd for Hep C?

Back 44

60 days

Front 45

what is the only confirmed method of transmission of Hep C?

Back 45

blood transfusions

Front 46

how is the hepatocyte damage performed by Hep C?

Back 46

Tc cell destruction -- envelopes do not kill cells

Front 47

do most people eradicate Hep C upon recovery from acute primary infection? What is the percentage of chronicity in Hep C?

Back 47

no, it sticks around for 10-20 years; 75%

Front 48

among Hep A, B, and C, which two are the most similar?

Back 48

B and C

Front 49

what are prodromal symptoms?

Back 49

nonspecific symptoms that appear before the definitive symptom

Front 50

what are prodromal symptoms in Hep B and C?

Back 50

arthritis and rash

Front 51

which Hep viruses can cause chronic hepatitis?

Back 51

B and C

Front 52

how can chronic hepatitis be treated? Is this successful?

Back 52

alpha interferon; not usually

Front 53

what is the genomic nature of the Hep D virus?

Back 53

circular minus-stranded RNA genome

Front 54

what is the unique restriction of infection for Hep D? why is this?

Back 54

needs to infect cells that are already infected with Hep B; because they don't have an envelope

Front 55

how is the Hep D virus coated?

Back 55

with Hep B envelope

Front 56

how is immunity to Hep B and D related?

Back 56

immunity to B confers immunity to D

Front 57

how is liver damage in Hep D achieved?

Back 57

Tc cell destruction -- envelopes do not kill cells

Front 58

how many proteins unique to hep D are present on cells infected with the virus? Do infected patients make an immune response to this?

Back 58

1; yes

Front 59

is the onset of Hep D acute or insidious? Is the infection severe?

Back 59

acute; yes, life threatening

Front 60

what is the genomic nature of Hep E virus? Is it enveloped?

Back 60

plus-stranded RNA virus; no

Front 61

what is the method of transmisison for Hep E?

Back 61

fecal oral

Front 62

in which parts of the world is Hep E most prevalent?

Back 62

developing world

Front 63

what are the two confirmed methods of transmission for Hep D?

Back 63

transfusion and STD

Front 64

what is the incubation period for Hep E?

Back 64

30 days

Front 65

infection with which hepatitis viruses is most prone to hepatocellular carcinoma?

Back 65

B and C