Vett 134 Week 2

Front 1

Auscultation

Back 1

Listen to sounds made by internal organs with a stethoscope, especially the heart and lungs

Front 2

Body-Condition Score

Back 2

Numeric assessment of the patient's weight compared with the ideal body weight.

Front 3

Borborygmus

Back 3

Intestinal noises audible with or without a stethoscope, caused by gas moving through the intestinal tract.

Front 4

Cachexia

Back 4

Weight loss, loss of muscle mass, and general debilitation that may accompany chronic diseases.

Front 5

Cardiac Output (CO)

Back 5

Total blood flow from the heart per unit time.

Front 6

Colloids

Back 6

Large-molecular-weight plasma proteins that provide oncotic pressure.

Front 7

Comatose

Back 7

In a sleeplike state. Unresponsive to all stimuli including pain.

Front 8

Consent Form

Back 8

A form signed by the client confirming that he or she has been told about and understands the nature of the procedure to be performed, including the risks involved.

Front 9

Constant Rate Infusion (CRI)

Back 9

Slow continuous administration of a drug at a rate sufficient to achieve the desired effect.

Front 10

Crystalloids

Back 10

Fluids that contain water and small-molecular-weight solutes (such as NaCl) and that pass freely through vascular endothelium

Front 11

Cyanosis

Back 11

Blue discoloration of the mucous membranes.

Front 12

Dead Space

Back 12

The breathing passages and tubes that convey fresh oxygen from the source to the alveoli, but in which no gas exchange can occur.

Front 13

Debilitated

Back 13

Lacking strength; weak.

Front 14

Dyspnea

Back 14

Difficult or labored breathing.

Front 15

Ecchymoses

Back 15

Large bruises. Discolorations of the skin or mucous membranes caused by leakage of blood into the tissues.

Front 16

Extra-label Drug Use

Back 16

The use of an approved drug in a manner that is not in accordance with the approved label directions.

Front 17

Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus

Back 17

A dangerous gastrointestinal condition, occuring primarily in deep-chested large breed dogs, in which the stomach swells with air and twists on its long axis, leading to shock, loss blood supply, and other serious consequences.

Front 18

Homeostasis

Back 18

A constant state within the body created and maintained by normal physiologic processes.

Front 19

Hypercarbia

Back 19

Elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

Front 20

Hypotension

Back 20

Low blood pressure.

Front 21

Hypothermia

Back 21

Low body temperature.

Front 22

Hypoxemia

Back 22

Low blood oxygen level.

Front 23

Hypoxia

Back 23

Low tissue oxygen level.

Front 24

Ileus

Back 24

Intestinal obstruction caused by inhibition of bowel motility; also referred to as gastrointestinal stasis.

Front 25

Inotropy

Back 25

Force of heart muscle contraction.

Front 26

Intact

Back 26

Possessing gonads. Not spayed or castrated.

Front 27

Lethargic

Back 27

Depressed but able to be aroused with minimal difficulty.

Front 28

Level of Consciousness

Back 28

The patient's responsiveness to stimuli. How easily the patient can be aroused. Often used to assess brain function.

Front 29

Minimum Patient Database

Back 29

A compilation of pertinent information from the patient history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Used to diagnose and manage a case.

Front 30

Miosis

Back 30

Constriction of the pupil of the eye.

Front 31

Moribund

Back 31

Near death.

Front 32

Obtunded

Back 32

Depressed and unable to be fully aroused.

Front 33

Oncotic Pressure

Back 33

Osmotic pressure provided by large-molecular-weight colloids such as albumin.

Front 34

Osmolarity

Back 34

A measurement of the number of dissolved solute particles per unit water in body fluids. Usually expressed as osmoles or milliosmoles per liter of water.

Front 35

Osmotic Pressure

Back 35

The pressure required to prevent water flow through a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.

Front 36

Petechia

Back 36

Small or pinpoint purple discolorations of the skin or mucous membrane resulting from hemorrhage. Smaller than purpura.

Front 37

Physical Status Classification

Back 37

A graded assessment of a patient's physical condition. Used to plan patient management prior to administering anesthetics and to gauge patient risk.

Front 38

Purpura

Back 38

Purple discolorations of the skin or mucous membrane caused by hemorrhage. Larger than petechia.

Front 39

Regurgitation

Back 39

Flow of stomach contents into the esophagus and mouth unaccompanied by retching.

Front 40

Reproductive Status

Back 40

Whether or not the patient has been spayed or castrated. If intact, whether or not the patient is being used for breeding. In the case of female patients, whether pregnant or not.

Front 41

Signalment

Back 41

The species, breed, age, sex, and reproductive status of a patient.

Front 42

Sloughing

Back 42

Separation of dead tissue from surrounding live tissue in a wound. Often used in reference to tissue death and loss secondary to drug-induced damage.

Front 43

Solute

Back 43

Atom or molecule dissolved in body water.

Front 44

Stridor

Back 44

Noisy breathing caused by turbulent air flow in the upper airways.

Front 45

Stuporous

Back 45

In a sleeplike state. Can be aroused only with a painful stimulus.

Front 46

Syncope

Back 46

Fainting episodes caused by brain hypoxia.

Front 47

Thrombocytopenia

Back 47

Low platelet count.

Front 48

Vasodilation

Back 48

Dilation of the blood vessels; the opposite of vasoconstriction

Front 49

Vesicants

Back 49

Drugs that damage tissues if injected perivascularly.

Front 50

Veterinarian-In-Charge (VIC)

Back 50

The veterinarian responsible for the management and welfare of a particular patient.

Front 51

More sensitive to opioids than dogs and ruminants. Therefore some of these agents must be used with caution, at lower doses or not at all in these species.

Back 51

Horses & Cats

Front 52

Require a lower dose of lidocaine but are more resistant to the effects of phenothiazine tranquilizers than dogs.

Back 52

Cats

Front 53

Tend to have rougher recoveries from inhalant anesthetics than other species.

Back 53

Horses

Front 54

The use of anticholinergics should be avoided in these species, as it can make their saliva thck and ropy, which can lead to airway occlusion.

Back 54

Ruminants

Front 55

May regurgitate at any point during anesthesia, and the anesthetist should take steps to avoid aspiration.

Back 55

Ruminants

Front 56

More sensitive to xylazine, requiring about one tenth the dose of horses.

Back 56

Ruminants

Front 57

____ can tolerate the administration of dissociative agents alone, whereas ____ may experience seizure-like activity unless the dissociative is combined with another agent.

Back 57

Cats; Dogs

Front 58

Prone to respiratory depression and dependent atelactasis and thus often require ventilatory support.

Back 58

Large animals

Front 59

May fracture limbs during anesthetic recovery and thus require special attention during the recovery period.

Back 59

Horses

Front 60

Prone to hypoxemia and hypercarbia caused by increased mechanical dead space.

Back 60

Cats, small dogs, and small animal pediatric patients

Front 61

Prone to airway blockage because of development of excess airway secretions.

Back 61

Cats and ruminants

Front 62

Prone to bloat

Back 62

Ruminants

Front 63

Must be managed very differently than common domestic species. The technician should consult appropriate references and the veterinarian before administering anesthetics to these animals.

Back 63

Exotic animals such as birds and reptiles

Front 64

Normal Vital Signs: Dog

Back 64

Temp: 100-102.5F

HR: 60-180bpm

Heart Rhythm: NSR or SA

RR: 10-30 (panting is normal)

Front 65

Normal Vital Signs: Cat

Back 65

Temp: 100-102.5F

HR: 120-240bpm

Heart Rhythm: NSR

RR: 15-30

Front 66

Normal Vital Signs: Horse

Back 66

Temp: 99-100.5F

HR: 30-45bpm

Heart Rhythm: NSR, SA, first- or second- degree AV block

RR: 8-20

Front 67

Normal Vital Signs: Cow

Back 67

Temp: 100-102.5F

HR: 60-80bpm

Heart Rhythm: NSR, SA

RR: 8-20

Front 68

Normal Vital Signs: Sheep/Goat

Back 68

Temp: 102-104F

HR: 60-90bpm

Heart Rhythm: NSR, SA

RR: 16-24

Front 69

Physical Signs Associated with Dehydration: <5%

Back 69

Not detectable

Front 70

Physical Signs Associated with Dehydration: 5%-6%

Back 70

Mild loss of skin elasticity

Front 71

Physical Signs Associated with Dehydration: 6%-8%

Back 71

Definite loss of skin elasticity

May have dry mucous membranes

May have depressed globes within orbits

Front 72

Physical Signs Associated with Dehydration: 8%-10%

Back 72

Persistent skin tent with slow return because of loss of skin elasticity

Front 73

Physical Signs Associated with Dehydration: 10%-12%

Back 73

Persistent skin tent because of loss of skin elasticity

Depressed globes within orbits

Dry mucous membranes

Signs of perfusion deficits(CRT >2 sec, tachycardia)

Front 74

Physical Signs Associated with Dehydration: 12%-15%

Back 74

Signs of shock

Death

Front 75

Fasting Recommendations: Dog

Back 75

Food: 8-12 hours

Water 2-4 hours

Front 76

Fasting Recommendations: Cat

Back 76

Food: 8-12 hours

Water: 2-4 hours

Front 77

Fasting Recommendations: Horse

Back 77

Food: 8-12 hours

Water: 0-2 hours

Front 78

Fasting Recommendations: Cattle

Back 78

Food: 24-48 hours

Water: 8-12 hours

Front 79

Fasting Recommendations: Small Ruminants

Back 79

Food: 12-18 hours

Water: 8-12 hours

Front 80

Fasting Recommendations: Neonatal and pediatric patients (<8 weeks old)

Back 80

Food: none

Water: none

Front 81

Common Crystalloid Fluids

Back 81

0.9% NaCl

Lactated Ringer's solution

Plasma-Lyte R

Plasma-Lyte A

Normosol-R

Isolyte S

Normosol-M w/5% Dextrose

Plasma-Lyte 56 w/5% Dextrose

5% Dextrose

3% NaCl

5% NaCl

Front 82

ASA Physical Status Classification: P1

Back 82

Risk: Minimal

Criteria: Normal, healthy patient

Rep. Conditions: Patients undergoing elective procedures (ovariohysterectomy, castration, or declaw)

Front 83

ASA Physical Status Classification: P2

Back 83

Risk: Low

Criteria: Patient with mild systemic disease

Rep. Conditions: Neonatal, geriatric, or obese patients; mild dehydration; skin tumor removal

Front 84

ASA Physical Status Classification: P3

Back 84

Risk: Moderate

Criteria: Patient with severe systemic disease

Rep. Conditions: Anemia; moderate dehydration; compensated major organ disease

Front 85

ASA Physical Status Classification: P4

Back 85

Risk: High

Criteria: Patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life

Rep. Conditions: Ruptured bladder; Internal hemorrhage; pneumothorax; pyometra

Front 86

ASA Physical Status Classification: P5

Back 86

Risk: Extreme

Criteria: Moribund patient that is not expected to survive without the operation

Rep. Conditions: Severe head trauma; pulmonary embolus; gastric dilatation-volvulus; end-stage major organ failure

Front 87

Sensitive to barbiturates (e.g., thiopental sodium) because of their relative lack of body fat and slow metabolism of these agents compared with other breeds. Consequently, these drugs must be used cautiously or not at all in these patients

Back 87

Sighthounds such as Greyhounds and Salukis

Front 88

More sensitive to acepromazine than other breeds.

Back 88

Boxers and giant breeds

Front 89

More resistant to acepromazine than other breeds.

Back 89

Terriers

Front 90

Difficult to intubate and must be watched closely to ensure a patent airway before, during, and after any anesthetic procedure.

Back 90

Brachycephalic animals

Front 91

Members of these breeds often require the use of smaller endotracheal tubes than most other breeds.

Back 91

Brachycephalic animals

Front 92

Typically sensitive to sedatives in the same way that giant breed dogs are. They are also more likely to experience complications during recovery.

Back 92

Draft horses

Front 93

Increase the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias when given with cyclohexamines, xylazine, barbiturates, and halothane

Back 93

Sympathomimetics such as epinephrine

Front 94

May predispose patients to cardiac arrhythmias and excessive responses to anticholinergics and central nervous system (CNS) depressants

Back 94

Tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline and clomipramine

Front 95

May decrease biotransformation of barbiturate anesthetics, leading to significantly prolonged recovery, and may prolong the action of propofol and ketamine.

Back 95

The antibiotic chloramphenicol

Front 96

May increase the effects of morphine and other opioids when given within 14 days of one another.

Back 96

Some monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as amitraz and selegiline

Front 97

Can increase CNS and respiratory depression when given with opioids and other anesthetic agents that depress these body systems.

Back 97

Some antihistamines

Front 98

Blades that fit on a No. 3 scalpel handle

Back 98

10-19

Front 99

Blades that fit on a No. 4 scalpel handle

Back 99

20-29