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127 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The smallest unit of an element that retains the unique properties of the element.
atom
this is an example of a structural protein.
collagen
What divides the ventral body cavity into the cranial thoracic cavity and the caudal abdominal cavity.
the diaphragm
T or F. In a dorsoventral radiographic view, the animal is lying on its side when the picture is taken.
False
T or F. A complex animal's cells are specialized to perform certain specific functions.
true.
what is the name of the condition where so much acid accumulates in the animal's body that the internal buffering system is overwhelmed and the pH of the blood is lowered?
Metabolic acidosis.
T or F. The intestines are located in the ventral body cavity, caudal to the diaphragm
true
T or F. All structures in the animal's body are paired.
false
Where are achaebacteria located?
hot springs, slat flats, and intestines of animals.
This is a key functional component of thyroid hormone?
Iodine
These particles are found in the atomic nucleus.
Protons and neutrons
What does water's :high heat of vaporization mean?
It needs a fairly high temperature to change from a liquid to a gas.
This is the principle positive ion in extracellular fluid.
Sodium.
This is the principle positive ion within cells.
Potassium.
The atoms in NaCl have this type of chemical bond because they transfer electrons to one another.
ionic bond.
Hwat causes pulmonic and aortic valves to close?
Pressure in the ventricles drops lower than pressure in the arteries they supply.
The exchange of nutrients and gasses betwenn the blood and tissue is a function of what?
capillaries.
This is the sume of the forces that the ventricles must contract against to make blood flow forward.
afterload.
What are band cells?
Immature neutraphils.
WHat blood protein functions in blood clotting?
Fibrogen.
What is avaccination an example of?
Artificiallly acquitred active immunity.
The first heart sound is produced by what?
Closing of the AV valves.
What is the normal ph range for blood?
7.35 - 7.45
What blood cells contain blue-purple staining cytoplasmic inclusiong?
basophils
What is the common name for the valve located betweeen the right atrium and right ventricle?
tricuspid.
Heart murmurs are usually a result of defective _____
valves.
What provides cell-mediated long term immunity?
T cells
What happens to conjegated bilirubin once it is in the intestines?
It is converted to urobilinogen by bacteria.
Where is blood pressure thehigest?
Arteries.
Is globulin involved in blood clotting?
no.
What does the endothelium consist of?
simple squamous epithelieum.
Which leukocyte is involved in anitbody production and long-term cellular immunnity?
Lymphocytes.
What is the visceral pericardium also known as?
epicardium.
What is the common name for the valve located between the left atrium and left venticle?
Mitral
Having a disease and recovering from it is an example of what?
Naturally acquired activity immunity.
What is the process of coating invading microorganisms with specific antibodies that help neutrophils phagocytize them called?
Opsonization.
What does the T wave of an ECG represent?
ventricular repolarization.
What structure controls heart reate?
Sinoatrial node.
What is the plasma protein most important in maintining the osmoality of blood called?
Albumin.
Where is blood pressure the lowest?
capillaries.
What happens to iron in a RBC that undergoes extravascular hemolysis?
It is transported to red bone marrow.
What are antibodies procued in the immune system called?
Immunoglobulins.
Where does blood flow from the pulmonary veins?
left atrium.
All veins carry blood _____
towards the heart.
What does the QRS spike of an ECG represent?
ventricular depolarization
In carnivores, what is usually the first phagocytic cell at the site of a bacterial infection?
Neutraphil.
What molecules makes RBCs red?
hemoglobin.
What animal has an os cordis?
cattle
This type of motion is common at a ginglymus joint.
flexion
THis is the site attachment between muscles and other muscles.
Aponeurosis
This movement by a limb increases the angle between 2 bones.
extension.
Is bone avascular?
No.
The movement of a part or extremity so that is moves in a cricle.
Circumfusion.
What is the immediate source of energy for muscle contraciotns?
ATP.
T or F. Once osteoclats are surrounded by bone, they are called osteoblasts?
false.
What structure produces synovial fluid?
the synovial membrane
T of F. Periostenum and endostenum contain bone-forming cells called osteoblasts.
true.
Saddle joints and ball and socket joints are similar except that saddle joints do not
rotate
This movement by a limb decreases the angle between 2 bones.
flexion
This is the movement of an extremeity away from the median plane.
Abduction.
Compact bone has _____, bu cancellous bone does not.
concentric lamellae.
T of F. Bones of the limbs make up the axial skeleton.
False.
What are intercalated discs characteristic of?
cardiac muscles.
What cells are found in the lacune of compact bones?
osteocytes.
What breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic clefts?
Acetylcholinerest
What is the most accurate classification of skeletal muscle?
voluntary striated muscle.
This is a twisting movement of a part or limb on its own axis.
Rotation.
What is the neurotransmitter at the myoneural junction?
acetylcholine
When a limb is pulled towards the midline of the body the action is know as what?
adduction.
T of F. Acetylcholine is released by synaptic vesicles into the synaptic space.
true.
What do the primary ossification centers of endochondrial bones do?
produce the shafts of long bones.
What structure attaches the roots of teeth directly to aveolar bones in the maxilla and mandible?
periodontal ligament.
T or F. Condyles are found in the distal ends of the femur, humerus, and scapula.
false.
What is a network of bony trabecullae called?
cancellous bone.
Would small air passages inthe lungs be innervated by visceral smooth muscle?
Yes.
What do osteoclasts do?
Reabsorb and break down old bone matrix.
What is cardiac muscle most accurately classified as?
involuntary striated muscle.
What is a sinlge, quick contraction of a muscle called?
twitch.
Where does growth in the legnth of a long bone occur?
epiphyseal plate
What layer of skin contains dead cells filled wsith keratin?
stratum corneum.
What layer of skini is the thickest?
reticular layer
What is the primary function of hair?
insulation and temperature regulation.
What is the inherited inability to produce melanin called?
albinism.
Is the pancinian corpuscle an accessory organ of the skin?
no
Sebaceous glands of sheep produce this substance.
lanolin
What causes mange?
mites.
Is vitamin B syntheis a function of the skin?
No
Melanocytes are located in this layer of skin.
straum basale.
What cells of the skin are active in the immune process?
Langerhans cells.
This is another word for tactile hair.
tylotrich hair
Light touch or pressure is registered by these sensory receptors in the skin.
Meissner's corpuscles
Cells in this layer of the epidermis are cuboidal in shape.
stratum basale.
Laminitis may cause which bones to pull away from the hoof wall?
Coffin.
White cates are more prone to developing this type of skin cancer.
Squamous cell carcinoma.
THe skin is part of what system?
Integumentary.
The dermis is composed of this type of tissue.
dense irregular connective tissue.
When dehorning an animal this structure must be destroyed on the horn to prevent further growth.
corium
What is the bundle of smooth hair muscles associted with hair folliclescalled?
Arrector pili.
What is the outermost portion o fthe skin called?
epidermis.
What layer of the skin contains cells capable of continued cell division?
straum basale.
What is the distal phlanax of the horse commonly known as?
coffin bone.
What is the name for the base of a hair follicle enlarged into an onion-shaped strucutre?
bulb
What is the name of the cells that produce pigment responsible for skin color?
melancytes.
allergies to inhalent particles such as pollen, dust and mold spores are common. What is this type of allergy called?
atopy.
In animals with white hair, what doe sthe medulla become filled with?
air.
What layer of the skin are melanocytes located in?
straum basale.
What is the distal sesamoid bone in horses commonly called?
Navicular bone.
What is the definiton of Anaphase?
The centromeres of the chromosomes split apart and each chromatid becomes its own chromosome.
Define endoplasmic reticulum
a system of collapsed sacs extending throughout the sytoplasm. May be rough or smooth.
Define Ribosome
THis is the site protein synthesis.
How many layers of cells does stratified squamous epithelium have?
more than 1
T or F. Intercalated discs occur only in smooth muscle.
false.
These fibers found in connective tissue are strong, flexible and are capable of stretching and relaxing.
elastic fibers.
Define Metaphase
The period in cellular replication during which there is a lining up of chromosomes in the exact center of the spindle.
Define/describe cytosol.
the medium used for the transport of substances containing manufactured or absorbed substances.
What type of gland secretes their products into the blood or onto a flat surface?
endocine glands
THe krebs cycle occurs in which organelle?
mitochondira
Define cell membrane
a phospholipid bilayer with integral and peripheral protiens.
Define mitochondria
A double membrane boudn structure with internal cristae for expanded curface area.
Define telophase.
The final stage of mitosis, which is said to begin when chromosome mvoement stops.
These fibers found in connective tissue are strong, but inelastic.
collagen fibers.
Define ion(s).
charged particles that may either be psotive or negatively charged.
What type of tissue lines the digestive tract?
epithelium.
Define filtration.
hydrostatic pressure forces liquid through a selectively permeable membrane.
T or F. pus ia collection of firbin
false.
T of F. Keratin is a waxy sibstance that fills the cells of the dermal layer of the integument.
false.
T or F. Diapedesis is the word to describethe movement of leukocytes through walls of tiny blood vessels.
true.