Vet Parasitology: Trematodes

Front 1

what is the normal IH for Trematodes?

Back 1

mollusks

Front 2

What are the typical life cycle stages of the Digenea?

Back 2

Egg
Miracidium
Sporocysts
Redia
Cercaria
Metacercaria
Adult

Front 3

In the life cycle of Fasicula hepatica where are all the stages found?

Back 3

egg passed in feces
mircidium hatches from egg in water
Mother Sporocyst in snail
redia from mother sporocyst in snail
cercaria exit the snail in water
metaceraria encyst on vegetation and get eaten

Front 4

Digenea species with Metacercariae encysted on vegetation

Back 4

Fasciola hepatica, Fascioloides magna, Paramphistomum cervi

Front 5

Transmission through eating fish, crayfish, or crabs

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Nanophyetus salmincola, Paragonimus kellicotti

Front 6

Eating arthropods or vertebrate paratenic hosts transmits this

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Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Platynosomum fastosum

Front 7

Eating amphibian or vertebrate paratenic hosts transmits this

Back 7

Alaria spp

Front 8

Cercariae penetrate skin

Back 8

Heterobilharzia americana

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Hosts of Fasciola hepatica

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DH: sheep, cattle, goats and other ruminants
IH: aquatic snails

Front 10

Site of infection of Fasciola hepatica

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Adults in bile ducts
Immatures migrate throughout liver parenchyma

Front 11

Pathogenesis of Fasciola hepatica

Back 11

Necrosis and anemia due to migration and feeding of immature fluke through liver parenchyma
Migration of fluke can cause replication of Clostridium novyi
Anemia and thickening of bile ducts due to feed of adult trematodes

Front 12

Dx of Fasciola hepatica

Back 12

fecal sedimentation or fluke finder
adults at necropsy

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Host of Fascioloides magna

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DH: primarily white-tailed deer, also elk, moose
IH: aquatic snails

Front 14

Site of infection Fascioloides magna

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Adults within cysts in liver parenchyma
Immatures migrate through liver

Front 15

Pathogenesis of Fascioloides magna

Back 15

Well tolerated by normal DH
Cattle mount a good immune reaction and completely encapsulate the flukes
Sheep and goats have little immune reaction and the fluke migrates extensively

Front 16

Common name of Paramphistomum cervi

Back 16

rumen fluke

Front 17

Hosts of Paramphistomum cervi

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DH: domestic and wild ruminants throughout the world
IH: aquatic snails

Front 18

pathogenesis of Paramphistomum cervi

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Migrating juveniles can cause hemorrhagic enteritis of several months duration.
Adults are considered non-pathogenic

Front 19

common name for Nanophyetus salmincola

Back 19

Salmon poisoning fluke

Front 20

Hosts for Nanophyetus salmincola

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DH: piscivorous (fish-eating) mammals
First IH: aquatic snail
Second IH: fish

Front 21

site of infection of Nanophyetus salmincola

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Small intestine

Front 22

Which typical life stage is not found in Nanophyetus salmincola?

Back 22

Sporocyst

Front 23

pathogenesis of Nanophyetus salmincola

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Fluke is considered non-pathogenic
Vector for Neorickettsia helminthoeca (Salmon Poisoning Disease - SPD)

Front 24

Common name of Paragonimus kellicotti

Back 24

lung fluke

Front 25

Hosts of Paragonimus kellicotti

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DH: dogs, cats, wild carnivores
First I.H.= aquatic snail
Second IH = crayfish

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life cycle of Paragonimus kellicotti

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Eggs travel with mucus from respiratory passages are swallowed and exit with feces
Miracidia emerge and penetrate snailcercariae emerge and penetrate crayfish  metacercariae form and transmission occurs when DH ingests an infected 2nd IH
Excystment in small intestine, migration to lungs

Front 27

Dx of Paragonimus kellicotti

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eggs in sputum or feces

Front 28

common name of Dicrocoelium dentriticum

Back 28

lancet fluke

Front 29

Host of Dicrocoelium dentriticum

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DH: sheep, cattle, goats and other mammals
1st IH: terrestrial snail
2nd IH: ant

Front 30

Site of infection of Dicrocoelium dentriticum

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Bile ducts and gallbladder

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Geographic distribution

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central NY and Pennsylvania

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life cycle of Dicrocoelium dentriticum

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Eggs swallowed by snail
Cercariae in slime balls
Metacercariae form in ants

Front 33

Hosts of cat liver fluke or Platynosomum fastosum

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DH: cats
1st IH: terrestrial snail
2nd IH: lizards

Front 34

Hosts of Alaria

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DH: dogs, cats other carnivores
IH: aquatic snails, tadpoles
PH: frogs, snakes, mouse, rats, birds, other small mammals and reptiles

Front 35

Site of infection of Alaria

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Adults in small intestines
Immatures in lungs

Front 36

What life stage is not found in Alaria?

Back 36

rediae

Front 37

pathogenesis of Alaria

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Adults attached to mucous membrane of the small intestine can cause a severe enteritis.
Migrating mesocercariae can cause pulmonary hemorrhage

Front 38

hosts of Heterobilharzia americana

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DH: Dogs, raccoons, bobcats
IH: Snails [Lymnaea cubenisis]

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Site of infection of Heterobilharzia americana

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Mesenteric veins of large and small intestines

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life cycle of Heterobilharzia americana

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Egg hatches in water
Miricidium penetrates snail
Cercariae emerge and penetrate DH

Front 41

pathogenesis of Heterobilharzia americana

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Penetration of cercariae = dermatitis
Passage of eggs through intestinal wall = enteritis

Front 42

two dz that trematodes are vectors of

Back 42

Potomac Horse Fever
Salmon poisioning