Usmle Step 1 Fa Embryology-Urogenital

Front 1

Adult renal derivative of the following:
(1) Pronephros
(2) mesonephros
(3) metanephros
(4) urogenital sinus
(5) ureteric bud

Back 1

(1) Pronephros: not functional and completely degenerates
(2) mesonephros: interim kidney for 1st tri; degenerates except for mesonephric (wolfian) ducts in males
(3) metanephros: permanent kidney (glomerulus to distal convoluted tubule)
(4) urogenital sinus: deveops into bladder, urethra, allantois
(5) ureteric bud: Outgrowth of mesonephric duct which gives rise to collecting duct, calyces, pelvis, ureter

Front 2

Describe potter's syndrome

Back 2

Bilateral renal agenesis leads to oligohydramnios with sequellae of limb/facial deformities, and pulmonary hypoplasia. Caused by malformation of ureteric bud.

Front 3

Describe horseshoe kidney

Back 3

Inferior poles of both kidneys fuse and are trapped under inferior mesenteric artery but kidney fct is normal.

Front 4

Adult derivatives of mesonephric duct (wollfian)

Back 4

Seminal vesicles, Epidiymis, Ejaculatory duct, Ductus deferens

Front 5

Derivatives of Paramesonephric ducts (mullerian)

Back 5

Fallopian tube, uterus, and upper 1/3 of vagina

Front 6

Describe induction of male sex

Back 6

SRY gene on y chromosome codes for testis-determining factor. MIH secreted by sertoli cells of testes which suppresses paramesonephric ducts. Increased androgens (Leydig cells) cause development of mesonephric ducts.

Front 7

Male derivatives of the following embronic structures:
(1) Genital tubercle
(2) urogenital sinus
(3) urogenital folds
(4) labioscrotal swellings

Back 7

(1) glans penis, corpus spongiosum
(2) bulbourethral glands, prostate
(3) ventral shaft of penis (penile urethra)
(4) scrotum

Front 8

Female derivatives of the following embronic structures:
(1) Genital tubercle
(2) urogenital sinus
(3) urogenital folds
(4) labioscrotal swellings

Back 8

(1) glans clitoris, vestibular bulb
(2) greater vestibular glands (of bartholin), urethral and paraurethral Glands (of Skene)
(3) labia minora
(4) labia majora

Front 9

Cause and associations of
(1) hypospadias
(2) epispadius

Back 9

(1) Abnormal opening of penile urethra on inferior/ventral side of penis due to failure of urethral folds to close. Fix to prevent UTI
(2) Abnormal opening of penile urethra on superior/dorsal side of penis due to faulty positioning of genital tubercle. Associated with exstrophy of bladder.