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6 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Adult structure derivatives of the following embryonic heart structures:
(1) Truncus arteriosus
(2) Bulbus cordis
(3) Primitive ventricle
(4) Primitive atrium
(5) Left horn of sinus venosus
(6) Right horn of sinus venosus
(7) Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein
(1) Truncus arteriosus: aorta; pulmonary trunk
(2) Bulbus cordis: Smooth part of RV (conus arteriosus), and LV (aortic vestibule)
(3) Primitive ventricle: trabeculated part of LV and RV
(4) Primitive atrium: Trebeculated part of RA and LA
(5) Left horn of sinus venosus: coronary sinus
(6) Right horn of sinus venosus: smooth part of RA
(7) Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein: SVC
Defects in the development of the aorticopulmonary septum: Cause and result.
(1) Persistent truncus arteriosus: Abnormal migration of neural crest cells (only partial develoment of AP septum). Results in R to L shunt and cyanosis.
(2) Complete transposition of great vessels: Abnormal migration of neural crest cells and non spiral development of Ap septum. Results in R to L shunt leading to cyanosis.
(3) Tetrology of Fallot: Abnormal neural crest migration causing skewed development of AP septum. Results in: pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, IV septal defect, and RV hypertrophy. RtoL shunt results in cyanosis.
Defects in development of atrioventricular septum: cause and result
(1) univentricular heart: extremely skewed development of AV septum to right. One ventricle receives both tricuspid and mitral valves.
(2) tricuspid atresia: insufficient amnt of AV cushion tissue available for tricuspid formation. Results in agenesis of tricuspid valve so no communication b/w right atrium and ventricle. Characterized by patent foramen ovale, IV septal defect, overdeveloped left ventricle and underdeveloped right ventricle
Defects in development of atrial septum: cause and result
(1) Foramen secundum defect: Excessive resorption of septum primum and/or secundum. Results in opening b/w RA and LA (patent foramen ovale). Most common clinically significant ASD. If small, sx may be delayed until 30YO.
(2) Premature closing of foramen ovale: Results in hypertrophy of right side of heart and underdevelopmet of left side.
Defects in development of ventricular septum: cause and result
(1) ventricular septal defect: due to incomplete fusion of right bulbar ridge and left bulbar ridge and AV cushions. Results in L to R shunt and cause excessive fatigue upon exertion. L to R shunt causes increased pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary hypertension. Ultimately, pulmonary resistance becomes higher than systemic resistance and causes R to L shunt and cyanosis (termed Eisenmenger complex)
Aortic arch derivatives:
1st arch
2nd arch
3rd arch
4 arch
5-6th arch
1st arch: maxillary artery
2nd arch: stapedial artery and hyoid artery
3rd arch: common carotids and proximal internal carotids
4th arch: right proximal subclav and aortic arch on left
5th-6th arch: proximal pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus (on left)