Usmle Step 1 Fa Embryology-Diaphragm And Gi

Front 1

Diaphragm:
(a) Innervation
(b) 4 parts that diaphragm is derived from

Back 1

(a) phrenic nerve (C3-5)
(b) Septum transversum (central tendon), pleuroperitoneal folds, body wall, dorsal mesentery esophagus (crura)

Front 2

Effect of incomplete diaphragm development.

Back 2

Abdominal contents may herniate into thorax leading to hypoplasia of thoracic organs (scaphoid abdomen, cyanosis)

Front 3

Adults derivatives of foregut, midgut, and hindgut

Back 3

-Foregut: Esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, upper duodenum
-Midgut: lower duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
-Hindgut: Distal 1/3 of tranverse colon to rectum

Front 4

Clinical presentation and treatment of congenital pyloric stenosis

Back 4

Palpable mass in epigastric region and nonbilious projectile vomiting at 2wks. Treat w/surgical incision.

Front 5

Tracheoesophageal fistula: cause and effect

Back 5

Abnormal connetion b/w esophagus and trachea. Most commonly subtype is blind upper esophagus with lower esophagus connected to trachea. Results in cyanosis, choking/vomiting with feeding, air bubble on CXR, and polyhydramnios.

Front 6

Adult derivative of ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds

Back 6

Ventral bud: head of pancreas and uncinate process. Dorsal forms rest.

Front 7

Annular pancreas cause and effect

Back 7

Ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds form ring around duodenum causing obstruction.