Us History 1 Exam Terms

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Culture

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the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively

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genealogy

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a line of descent traced continuously from an ancestor

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Bering strait theory

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proposes that people migrated from Siberia to Alaska across a land bridge that spanned the current day Bering Strait

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The impact of European disease

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greatly weakened the native americans

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4 time periods

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Archaic 30,000 - 15,000 BC

Pre-classic 1,500 - 200 BC

classic 200 BC - 900 AD

post classic 900 - 1,500 AD

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the Mayas

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indigenous people of Mexico and Central America who have continuously inhabited the lands comprising modern-day Yucatan, Quintana Roo, Campeche, Tabasco, and Chiapas in Mexico and southward through Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador and Honduras

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the Aztecs

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Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican people of central Mexico in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries

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Quetzalcoatl

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Aztec nature god, feathered serpent, his disappearance and promised return coincided with the arrival of Cortes

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Christopher Columbus

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was a navigator, colonizer, and explorer who was instrumental in Spanish colonization of the Americas. Though not the first to reach the Americas from Europe (the Vikings had reached Canada many years earlier, led by Leif Ericsson), Columbus' voyages led to general European awareness of the hemisphere and the successful establishment of European cultures in the New World.

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the columbian exchange

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transfer of plants animals and diseases between America and Europe and Africa and Asia

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New spain

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was a colonial territory of the Spanish Empire, in the New World north of the Isthmus of Panama. It was established following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521, and following additional conquests, it was made a viceroyalty (Spanish: virreinato) in 1535.

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San Augustine

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1565 the first permanent settlement

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New france

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Jaques cartier 1534

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New Netherlands

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17th centuary colonial province. Changed to new york

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New England

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Region in the northeastern United States that includes Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont

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Queen Elizabeth I

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Queen of England from 2558 till death

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The lost colony of Roanoke

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Established in 1587. Called the Lost Colony. It was financed by Sir Walter Raleigh, and its leader in the New World was John White. All the settlers disappeared, and historians still don't know what became of them

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the defeat of the spanish armada

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The Armada was defeated by the skill of British military leaders and by rough seas during the assault. England's victory over Spanish forces established England as an emerging sea power; it was one of the great achievements of Queen Elizabeth I. Deafeat helped bring the decline of Spanish empire

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the jamestown settlement

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in the Virginia Colony, was founded on May 14, 1607. It is commonly regarded as the first permanent English settlement in what is now the United States, following several earlier failed attempts. It was founded by Captain John Smith. It became the first capital of the Colony for 92 years, until 1699, when it was relocated to Williamsburg

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house of burgesses

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the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619. Over time, the name came to represent the entire official legislative body of the Colony of Virginia, and later, after the American Revolution, the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia.In Britain, the term "burgess" had referred to a Parliamentary representative, as of a borough.

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mercantilism

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Economic philosophy or practice in which England established the colonies to provide raw materials to the Mother Country; the colonies received manufactured goods in return

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the middle passage

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a series of routes which slave ships used to transport slaves from West Africa to the Americas

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charter, royal, and proprietary colonies

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Charter Colony - Colonies established by agreement with British government

Royal Colony - Ruled directly by Great Britain and Parliament elected to a royal governor and council

Proprietary - Colony Great Britain gives land to an "owner", and the owner runs the colony for a profit

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indentured servitude

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someone who would be contracted to work for a master for a set amount of time in exchange for their passage to the colonies

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privateering

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Privately owned, armed ships specifically authorized by Congress to prey on enemy shipping and smuggle in needed supplies. The privateers brought in urgently needed gold, harassed the enemy, and raised American morale

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Humphrey Gilbert

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English navigator who in 1583 established in Newfoundland the first English colony in North America, but decided to move to a better area and was killed in a storm on his way home

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Bacon's rebellion cause and effect

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Nathanial Bacon grouped together and angry mob to burn Jamestown and Indian settlements as a protest for the reason that they didn't get any protection from the government. It was the first rebellion in the American Colonies in which the frontiersmen took part. Also, it hastened the hardening of racial lines dealing with slavery, because this rebellion involved both black and white indentured servants which worried the ruling class

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The plantation colonies

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Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, North & South Carolina. Devoted to exported profitable staple crops. All had slavery. People were very spread out - difficult to set up schools and churches

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James Oglethorpe

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Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony. Many colonists felt that Oglethorpe was a dictator, and that (along with the colonist's dissatisfaction over not being allowed to own slaves) caused the colony to break down and Oglethorpe to lose his position as governor

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Witchcraft at salem village

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The Salem Witch Trials start in Massachusetts during the 1690's when 3 sick girls are said to be affected by witch craft. The first three women the girls blamed of witchcraft were Tituba, Sarah Goode, and Sarah Osborne. They start accusing more and more people and upstanding members of society of witchcraft. The Salem Witch trials are not just about religion, but also about land. People from the west side of town, with not so good soil would accuse people from the east side of town where the soil was good and they had access to the roads. The trials end when they accuse the governors wife of witchcraft. By the time the trials were over, 20 people were executed. The significance is that about 20 years later the government apologizes because there was never enough evidence to convict anyone and compensates the families of those convicted

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The middle colonies

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New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware. Lots of farming and crops. Breadbasket Colonies. Grains such as oats, wheat and corn.Trade along the rivers.

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pilgrims

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The pilgrims were a form of puritan (separatists) who wanted to completely break away from the church of England. They emigrated to the Americas on the Mayflower to find safe haven, after negotiating for rights with the virgina company.

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puritans

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The Puritans first came to America in 1620 on the Mayflower. The Pilgrims, as they were called, were separating from the Anglican church and escaping religious persecution in England by escaping to America. Other Puritans soon flocked to America hoping to "purify" the Anglican Church and develop a colony which would be a model to the world

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the city upon a hill

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what John Winthrop said that their Puritan model societies based on Christian principles should be

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the new England colonies

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Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. fishing and shipbuilding

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Anne Hutchinson

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a dissenter in the Massachusetts Bay Colony who caused a schism in the Puritan community. Eventually, Hutchinson's faction lost out in a power struggle for the governorship. She was expelled from the colony in 1673 and traveled southward with a number of her followers, establishing the settlement of Portsmouth, Rhode Island

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Roger Williams

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was an English theologian, a notable proponent of religious toleration and the separation of church and state, and an advocate for fair dealings with Native Americans. In 1644, he received a charter creating the colony of Rhode Island, named for the principal island in Narragansett Bay. He is credited for originating either the first or second Baptist church established in America

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William Penn

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An English real estate entrepreneur, he was giving a large piece of the American land from James II of England. He was a early advocate of democracy and religious freedom, he was also one of the few colonies to have good relations with the Indians, making several successful treaties

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the protestant reformation

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a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches

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the great puritan migration

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the migration of English people from England to the New World between the years of 1630 and 1640 because King James opposed the growing Puritan population of England

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the navigation acts

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Passed under the mercantilist system, the Navigation Acts (1651-1673) regulated trade in order to benefit the British economy. The acts restricted trade between England and its colonies to English or colonial ships, required certain colonial goods to pass through England before export, provided subsidies for the production of certain raw goods in the colonies, and banned colonial competition in large-scale manufacturing.

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the quakers

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name derived from when they supposedly quaked when under deep religious emotion; were originally known as the Religious Society of Friends; Quakers were offensive to authorities both religious and civil; refused to support the established Church of England w/ taxes; built simple meetinghouses without a paid clergy; believed were all children in the sight of God; addressed people with thee's and thou's; would take no oaths because Jesus had condemned "Swear not at all"Abhorred strife and warfare and refused military service; were a simple devoted democratic people