Unit 4 - Wk 6 Pharmacology

Front 1

Ipratropium

Back 1

Muscarinic antagonist; block the muscarinic receptors found in the lung that is innervated by parasympathetic nervous system. PNS stimulation causes bronchoconstriction so inhibiting PNS = bronchodilation

Front 2

Side effects of muscarinic cholinergic antagonists (ipratropium)

Back 2

• Adverse effects of muscarinic antagonists are predictable knowing other muscarinic beds. When given by inhalation these are minimized due to poor absorption through the lungs. Adverse effects include dry mouth, can see palpitations, constipation, blurred vision, dysuria.

Front 3

Albuterol (immediate peak) and salmeterol (longer duration)

Back 3

B2 agonists activate adrenergic receptors in lung which respond to epinephrine stimulation to cause bronchodilation; short acting agents are used for symptom relief to relieve acute dyspnea by inhalation of the agent while long acting agents used in combo w corticosteroids by inhalation

Front 4

Side effects of B2 adrenergic agonists (albueterol, salmeterol)

Back 4

Poor absorption through lungs minimizes side effects when inhaled; more likely to cause systemic adverse effects than muscarinic antagonists administered by inhalation; adverse effects include headache, tremor, palpitations

Front 5

Beclomethasone

Back 5

Corticosteroid; relieve dyspnea by anti-inflammatory effects of PMN leukocytes and reverse increases capillary permeability

Front 6

Side effects of corticosteroids (beclomethasone)

Back 6

Adverse side effects minimized by inhaled administration; all adverse effects can be caused

Front 7

Aerobic gram + (haemophilus influenzae) infection

Back 7

Cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone)

Front 8

Aerobic gram - (Moraxella catarrhalis)

Back 8

Trimethoprim & Sulfamethoxazole, Amoxicillin + Sulbactam (no longer sensitive to penicillins)

Front 9

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (lower respiratory tract)

Back 9

Erythromycin

Front 10

Chlamydia Pneumoniae (intracellular)

Back 10

Doxycyline

Front 11

Nicotine

Back 11

site of action for addiction and cessation of smoking pharmacotherapy – ventral tegmental area of CNS. Mechanism of action for addiction and cessation of smoking pharmacotherapy – neuronal nicotine cholinergic agonist (at α4β2 subtype).

Front 12

Bupropion

Back 12

SOA is within CNS
MOA: neuronal uptake inhibitor of serotonin, NE, and DA, and this is the presumed MOA in relieving the urge to smoke

Front 13

Varenicline

Back 13

SOA: within CNS, VTA (involved in nicotine addiction)

MOA: Partial neuronal A4B2 nicotinic cholinergic agonist