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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Triglycerides, diet and Health
Why does E/Z isomerisation occur? |
Due to the restricted rotation around the double bond. |
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Triglycerides, diet and Health
What is cis-trans isomerism? |
A special type of E/Z isomerism where each carbon of the C=C bond carries one atom or group that is the same.
Ie. H H
\ /
c=c
/ \
R R |
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Triglycerides, diet and Health
Draw E/Z and Cis/Trans |
Z/Cis = Ze zame zide, Same side
E/Trans = Enemies, different sides |
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Triglycerides, diet and Health
In nature, what form do unsaturated fatty acids usually exist in? |
The cis form. |
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Triglycerides, diet and Health
How does the cis form affect the melting point of unsaturated fatty acids? |
In cis form, the fatty acids cannot pack closley together, so they exist at liquids at room temperature.
In trans form they can pack closely: it has a linear sructure. Therefore, it has a higher m.t.p. |
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Triglycerides, diet and Health
Why are double bonds removed in the food industry? |
To make the fats and oils more solid. |
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Triglycerides, diet and Health
How are double bonds removed in the food industry? |
By partial hydrogenation. |
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Triglycerides, diet and Health
What are the side effects of removing double bonds? |
The remaining double bonds may structurally be changed, so are in the more unhealthy trans form. |
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Triglycerides, diet and Health
What are lipoproteins? |
Particles that carry lipids, such as cholesterols and fats, through the blood. |
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Triglycerides, diet and Health
What are LDLs? |
Low-density Lipoproteins
Responsible for carrying cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the tisses. They can deposit lipids onto artery walls, building up fatty acid deposits that restrict blood flow |
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Triglycerides, diet and Health
What are HDLs? |
High-density Lipoproteins
Believed to remove cholesterol from the arterioles and transport it back to the liver for excretion. |
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Triglycerides, diet and Health
What is the chemical structure of biodiesel? |
An ethyl or methyl ester of a fatty acid. |
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Triglycerides, diet and Health
By what process is biodiesel made? |
Transesterification.
Triglycerides in fats and oils are reacted with methanol or ethanol in the presence of a sodium or potassium hydroxide catalyst.
Glycerol is formed also, which can be sold to pharmaceutical companies (=yay! atom economy) |
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Triglycerides, diet and Health
Write the equation of transesterification for the production of biodiesel. |
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