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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most accidental poisonings in children from 1 to 3 years of age occur by means of:
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Ingestion
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Which of the following organs is most likely to show the effects of poisoning first?
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Heart
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The dosage of activated charcoal in a child is:
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15 to 30 g
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The mnemonic device CHAMP helps you remember:
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Which hydrocarbons may benefit from gastric lavage
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A chemical that may be produced when nylon and polyurethane burn and is of particular concern in any fire environment is:
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Cyanide
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If the stinger is left in the wound after a sting by a honey bee, you should:
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Scrape the stinger from the wound
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Organophosphates affect primarily which neurotransmitter
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Acetylcholine
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The mnemonic device SLUDGE helps you to remember the:
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Signs of organophosphate poisoning
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Which of the following is an early sign of toxicity in reaction to a tricyclic antidepressant?
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Blurred Vision
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The most commonly ingested NSAID in overdose is:
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Ibuprofen
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An often fatal form of food poisoning caused by the bacillus
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botulism
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An acute and sometimes fatal psychotic reaction caused by cessation of excessive intake of alcohol over a long period of time: also known as DT's
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Delirium tremens
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the injection of snake, arachnid or insect venom into the body
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envenomation
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Irrigation of the stomach with sterile water or normal saline
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gastric lavage
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A form of amnesia often seen in alcoholics, characterized by a loss of short-term memory and an inability to learn new skills
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Korsakoff's psychosis
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An acute, recurrent inflammatory infection transmitted by a tick
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Lyme disease
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A capsule containing threadlike, venomous stinging cells found in some coelenterates.
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nematocyst
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Involuntary rhythmic movements of the eyes
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nystagmus
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any substance that produces harmful physiological or psychological effects
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poison
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A serious tick-borne infectious disease, characterized by chills, fever, severe headache, mental confusion, and rash
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Rocky Mountain spotted fever
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A rare, progressive, reversible disorder caused by several species of ticks that release a neurotoxin that causes weakness, incoordinatin, and paralysis
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tick paralysis
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A potentially serious mosquito-borne illness that affects the central nervous system
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West Nile virus
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The toxic effects of ingested poisons may be
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immediate or delayed
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When poisons are ingested the main goal is to identify effects on the three vital organs
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The respiratory system, the cardiovascular system, and the CNS
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The goal of managing serious poisonings by ingestion is to prevent the toxic substance from
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reaching the small intestine. to limit its absorption
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strong acids and alkalis may cause burns
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to the mouth, paharynx, esophagus, and sometimes the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.
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The most important physical characteristic in the potential toxicity of an ingested hydrocarbon
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is its viscosity
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the lower the viscosity
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the higher the risk of aspiration
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Hydrocarrbon ingestin may involve the paqtients
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respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological systems.
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A form of amnesia often seen in alcoholics, characterized by a loss of short-term memory and an inability to learn new skills
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Korsakoff's psychosis
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An acute, recurrent inflammatory infection transmitted by a tick
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Lyme disease
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A capsule containing threadlike, venomous stinging cells found in some coelenterates.
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nematocyst
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Involuntary rhythmic movements of the eyes
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nystagmus
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any substance that produces harmful physiological or psychological effects
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poison
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A serious tick-borne infectious disease, characterized by chills, fever, severe headache, mental confusion, and rash
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Rocky Mountain spotted fever
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A rare, progressive, reversible disorder caused by several species of ticks that release a neurotoxin that causes weakness, incoordinatin, and paralysis
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tick paralysis
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A potentially serious mosquito-borne illness that affects the central nervous system
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West Nile virus
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The toxic effects of ingested poisons may be
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immediate or delayed
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When poisons are ingested the main goal is to identify effects on the three vital organs
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The respiratory system, the cardiovascular system, and the CNS
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|
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The goal of managing serious poisonings by ingestion is to prevent the toxic substance from
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reaching the small intestine. to limit its absorption
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strong acids and alkalis may cause burns
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to the mouth, paharynx, esophagus, and sometimes the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.
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The most important physical characteristic in the potential toxicity of an ingested hydrocarbon
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is its viscosity
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the lower the viscosity
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the higher the risk of aspiration
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Hydrocarrbon ingestin may involve the paqtients
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respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological systems.
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Methanol is a poisonous alcohol found
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in a number of products.
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Methanol itself is no more toxic than ethanol yet its metabolits
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formaldehyde and formicacid are toxic
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Ingestion of Methanol can affect the
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CNS, the gastrointestinal tract, and the eyes.
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Ethylen glycol toxicity is caused by the buildup of metabolites,
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especially glycolic and oxalic acids after metabolism.
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Ethylene glycol toxicity occurs mainly in the
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liver and kidneys.
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Ethylene glycol toxicity may affect the
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CNS, Cardiopulmonary and renal systems and may result in hypocalcemia
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The majority of isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol) is metabolized to
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acetone after ingestion
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Isoprpanol poisoning affects several body systems
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including the central nervous,gastrointestinal and renal systems
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Ingested iron may produce
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lethal gastrointestinal hemorrhoge, bloody vomitus, painless bloody diarrhea, and dark stools
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Food poisoning is a term used for
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any illness of sudden onset suspected of being caused by food eaten within the previous 48 hours.
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Food poisoning can be classified As
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bacterium or virus (Infectious)Or (Noninfectious) toxins and pollutants
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The toxic effects of major poisonous plants are categorized by
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the chemical and physical properties of the plant.
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The concentratin of a chemical in the air helps to
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determine the severity of an inhalation injury.
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Highly reactive chemicals cause more severe and rapid injury
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than less reactive chemicals.
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Properties that determine chemical reactivity are
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chemical pH, direct-acting potential, indirect-acting potential ,and allergic potential of chemicals
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Regardles of the route of entry cyanide
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is a rapidy acting poison
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Ammonia is a toxic irritant that causes
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pulmonary complications after inhalation. Bronchospasm and pulmonary edema may develop
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Hydrocarbon inhalation may cause aspiration pneumonitis it also has the potential for
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systemic effects such as CNS depression, liver, kidney, or bone marrow toxicity
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Asphyxiants cause toxicity by
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lowering ambient oxygen concentratin
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irritants or corrosives cause cellular destructin and inflammatin as they come in contact with
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moisture in the respiratory tract
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The general principles of managing inhaled poisons are
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the same as for any other hazardous materials incidents
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Hymenoptera and Arachnida cause the
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the highest incidence of need for emergency care
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The two main families of venomous snakes indigenous to the united states are
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pit vipers and coral snakes
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Pit viper venom can
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produce toxic effects on blood and other tissues
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The venom of the coral snake is
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mainly neurotoxic
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Signs and syptoms of coral snake bites are
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slurred speech, dilated pupils, and dysphagia to flaccid paralysis and death
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Marine animal most likely to be involved in human poisonings
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coelenterates, echinoderms, stingrays.
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SLUDGE stand for
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Salivation, lacrimation, urinatin, defecation, gastointestinal upset and emesis
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Organophosphates and carbamates inhibit the effects of
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acetylcholinesterase
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to recognize organophosphates and carbamates poisoning look for
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SLEDGE
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General principles for managing drup abuse include
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scene safety, airway, breathing, circulation, history, substance id, focused exam, initiation of IV, admin, of antidote , prevention, transport
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Narcotics are
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CNS depressants.
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A pure narcotic antagonist effective for virtually all narcotic and narcotic like substances
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Naloxone (Narcan) Dose: 0.4-2mg IM/IV/SQ repeated in 5Min max of 10mg
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sedative-hypnotic agents
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benzodiazepines and barbiturates
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Signs of sedative overdose
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are chiefly CNS and cardiovascular
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To reverse the effect of sedative overdose use
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Flumazenil(Romazicon ) Adult dose: 0.2(2ml) IV ofer 15 sec. an additional dose of 0.3(3ml) may ge given in 30 sec. followed by 0.5(5ml) at 1 min intervals (max dose 3mg)
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Commonly used stimulant drugs
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are those of the amphetamine family
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Phencyclidine (PCP) is a
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dissociative analgesic with sympathomimetic and CNS stimulant and depressant effects
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Pt with who have taken Low doses of PCP resemble
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drunkenness (and rage)and is a psychiatric emergency that mimics schizophrenia
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Hallucinogens are
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substances that cause distortions of perceptions.
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Tricyclic antidepressant toxicity causes
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peripheral atropine-like anticholinergic effects and depressant effects on myocardial function (prolong QRS)
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Lithium is
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a mood stabilizing drug
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Lithium overdose causes
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CNS effects, blurred vision, confusion and seizure , coma
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Acetaminophen overdose may cause
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liver damage
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General principles for managing drup abuse include
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scene safety, airway, breathing, circulation, history, substance id, focused exam, initiatin ot IV, admin, of antidote , prevention, transport
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Narcotics are
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CNS depressants.
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A pure narcotic antagonist effective for virtually all narcotic and narcotic like substances
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Naloxone (Narcan) Dose: 0.4-2mg IM/IV/SQ repeated in 5Min max of 10mg
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sedative-hypnotic agents
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benzodiazepines and barbiturates
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Signs of sedative overdose
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are chiefly CNS and cardiovascular
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To reverse the effect of sedative overdose use
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Flumazenil(Romazicon ) Adult dose: 0.2(2ml) IV ofer 15 sec. an additional dose of 0.3(3ml) may ge given in 30 sec. followed by 0.5(5ml) at 1 min intervals (max dose 3mg)
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Commonly used stimulant drugs
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are those of the amphetamine family
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Phencyclidine (PCP) is a
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dissociative analgesic with sympathomimetic and CNS stimulant and depressant effects
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Pt with who have taken Low doses of PCP resemble
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drunkenness (and rage)and is a psychiatric emergency that mimics schizophrenia
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Hallucinogens are
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substances that cause distortions of perceptions.
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Tricyclic antidepressant toxicity causes
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peripheral atropine-like anticholinergic effects and depressant effects on myocardial function (prolong QRS)
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Lithium is
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a mood stabilizing drug
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Lithium overdose causes
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CNS effects, blurred vision, confusion and seizure , coma
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Acetaminophen overdose may cause
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liver damage
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