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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define the Endocrine System.
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Set of organs that are regulated or mediated by their hormones released
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List the functions of the Endocrine system
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reproduction, growth and development, cellular metabolism, nutrient water and electrolyte balance, mobilization of body defenses
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List the Endocrine organs of the body
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Pineal gland, Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland, Parathyroid glands,Thymus, Adrenal glands, Pancreas, Ovary/Testis |
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List 3 ways hormones are stimulated and how
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Neurostimulation: response from stimuli
Humeral stimulation: chemical reaction triggers stimulation within the bloodstream Hormonal stimulation: one hormone releases another hormone |
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What hormone produces the following:
Adrenal medulla - Pancreas- Ovaries- Kidney- Anterior Pituitary- |
epinephrine & norepinephrine
insulin & glucagon estrogen & progesterone atrial natriureticpeptide(ANP) renin & erythropoietin(EPO) GH, FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, prolactin |
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What hormone is produced by the following:
food in the stomach- increased blood glucose- dehydration- inhibition of optic nerve- |
gastrin
insulin antidiuretic hormone(ADH) melantonin |
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What hormone has the following effect:
lowers blood NA+ levels - increases red blood cell production - increases sperm production - increases the rate of mitosis - increases blood cortisol levels - |
ANP
EPO testosterone growth hormone(GH) adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) |
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How does ADH affect blood pressure?
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Raised ADH levels witll trigger the Kidneys to increase urine production which decreases blood viscosity and increases blood pressure (if fluid buildup, BP Increases)
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How does EPO affect blood pressure?
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Raised EPO levels will trigger kidneys to increase red cell production which increase O2 in the blood and increases blood pressure
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How does aldosterone affect blood pressure?
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Raised aldosterone levels triggers the anterior pituitary to retain sodium (Na) which increase blood pressure and increases blood volume
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Name a pair of hormones that are antagonists to each other and how/why.
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Insulin/Glucagon - increased insulin triggers pancreas to increase insulin absorption, decreased insulin triggers pancreas to increase glucagon release
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Define the term local hormone.
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hormones that do not enter the blood stream (ex: histamine)
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Name the two types of glands and their role
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Endocrine glands secrete into the blood stream
Exocrine glands secrete a product into a duct |
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Site an example of an Exocrine gland
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sweat glands, sebaceous glands and the pancreas
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On a slide, what particular cells are visible when viewing a thyroid gland?
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follicle cells - secrete thyroxine and triodothyronine
c-cells - secrete calcitonin colloid area - serves as a reservoir |
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What triggers the thyroid hormone?
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Its triggered by thyroid stimulating hormone
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What does a parathyroid gland secrete and when?
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secretes parathyroid hormone when blood calcium levels are too low
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On a slide, what particular cells are visible when viewing a pancreas slide?
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acinar cells - secrete digestive enzymes
islet of Langerhans - secrete insulin (beta cells) and glucagon(alpha cells) |
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On a slide, what particular cells are visible when viewing a testes slide?
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interstitial cells - secrete testosterone
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What two hormones are targeted in the testes?
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Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)
Luteinizing hormone(LH) |
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On a slide, what two follicles are visible when viewing a slide of the ovaries?
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primordial follicles - contains embryonic oocytes
graafian follicles - contains pimary oocyte (eggs) |
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Of these two follicles, which one secretes hormones?
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Graafian follicle - secretes estrogen and progesterone
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On a slide, what two layers are visible when viewing a slide of the adrenal gland?
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adrenal cortex - outer layer
adrenal medulla - inner layer |
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Of these two layers, which is responsible for the fight flight response?
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adrenal medulla - secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
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On a slide of the pituitary gland, which section stains a darker purple and why?
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anterior pituitary - more cells clustered together giving a darker appearance than the posterior pituitary
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Which layer/section of the pituitary gland secrets oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
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Posterior pituitary
Anterior would secrete growth hormone (GH) |
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What other hormones does the pituitary gland secrete?
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ACTH
FSH LH Prolactin ADH |
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What hormone in the pineal gland is responsible for sleep?
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melantonin
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What hormone does the heart release the helps to regulate blood pressure?
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atrial naturetic peptide(ANP)
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What endocrine gland helps to fight infection and helps with a person's immunity?
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thymus gland
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What hormone does the stomach secrete?
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gastrin - increases stomach acid/digestive enzymes
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what hormone does the kidneys secrete?
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erythropoietin (EPO) - regulates RBC production and BP
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