• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/42

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

42 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

The Endocrine System relies on ________ that travel through the ___________ to get to distant ______ _____. The goal is to maintain ___________.

Hormones ; Bloodstream ; Target Cells ; Homeostasis

small chemicals secreted by endocrine glands and released into the bloodstream; can be made from Amino Acids, Peptides, or Lipids

Hormones

Thyroid Hormones


Catecholamines


Melatonin

Hormones Made From Amino Acids

Epinepherine


Norepinephrine


Dopamine

Catecholamines - Hormones Made From Amino Acids

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)


Oxytocin


Insulin


Growth Hormone (GH)


Prolactin


Pituitary Hormones (TSH,LH,FSH)

Hormones Made From Peptides

Eicosanoids (Leukotrines,Prostaglandins)


Steroid Hormones

Hormones Made From Lipids

Testosterone


Estrogen


Progesterone


Calcitriol

Steroid Hormones - Hormones Made From Lipids

Hypothalamus


Pituitary Gland


Pineal Gland


Parathyroid Glands


Thyroid Gland


Adrenal Glands


Pancreas/Pancreatic Islets

Primary Organs of The Endocrine System

Heart


Thymus


Digestive Tract


Kidneys


Gonads

Secondary Organs of The Endocrine System

"Hormones affect target cells after binding to _________ in the ______ ________, cytoplasm, or nucleus"

Receptors ; Plasma Membrane

(Plasma) Membrane-Bound Receptors

G Protein Coupled Receptors

Hormone (First Messenger) Activates a (R) Receptor ---> (R) Receptor - on Plasma Membrane - Activates the (G) G Protein ---> (G) G Protein Increases the Production of ATP ---> Increased Production of cAMP or Ca2+ (Second Messengers)

proteins that bind the hormone once the hormone comes inside the cell; many are Transcription Factors that travel to the nucleus to make RNA for specific genes

Intracellular Receptors - Intracellular Second Messengers - Ex. Steroid Hormone and Thyroid Hormone

Endocrine Glands work together, but they are directed by the ____________.

Hypothalamus

"Hypothalamic neurons synthesize antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin (OXT)"...

...and releases them into the bloodstream via the Posterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland

"Hypothalamus cells secrete __________ ________" into the bloodstream via the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland

Regulatory Hormones

"Autonomic Centers within the Hypothalamus Secrete ___________ and ______________" from the Adrenal Gland

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

network of vessels that go directly to anterior pituitary; focused on target cells

Hypophyseal Portal System

secretes hormones directed by the hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland

hormone that responds to a decrease in blood/volume pressure; causes kidney to retain/hold water and decrease urination (to increase blood/volume pressure); responds to increased blood/solute concentration

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

hormone that stimulates uterine contractions/induces labor and stimulates milk ejection

Oxytocin (OXT) Hormone

hypothalamic hormone that stimulates TSH/Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, a pituitary hormone

TRH (Thyroid Releasing Hormone )



releases thyroid hormone from the thyroid

hypothalamic hormone that stimulates ACTH/Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, a pituitary hormone

Corticotropinreleasing Hormone
(CRH)



releases steroid hormones to regulate blood
glucose from the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland

hypothalamic hormone that stimulates Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH), pituitary hormones

Gonadotropinreleasing Hormone (GnRH)



targets in maturation from the Gonads (Ovaries and Testes)

hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the Growth Hormone (GH)

GHRH and GHIH



targets in growth; affects many areas of the body

hypothalamic hormone that inhibits Prolactin (PRL)

Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH)



targets the mammary gland; decreases milk secretion

TSH


ACTH


FSH and LH

Hormones that operate on Negative Feedback Systems

endocrine gland that increases oxygen and energy consumption, which increases heartrate; produces calcitonin to decrease calcium levels

Thyroid Gland

endocrine glands located behind the thyroid gland; has Chief Cells that make Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) important for calcium; responds to low calcium levels/produces or increases calcium absorption; absorbs calcium from kidneys and intestinal tract and releases calcium from bone

Parathyroid Glands

the medulla of these glands secretes Epinephrine and Norepinephrine



the cortex of these glands secretes corticosteroid hormones

Adrenal Glands


term that means "middle"

Medulla

term that means "outer layer"

Cortex


outer layer of the Adrenal Cortex, which contains the hormones mineralocorticoids (like Aldosterone that targets the Kidneys)

Zona Glomerulosa

middle layer of the Adrenal Cortex, which contains the hormones glucocorticoids (like Cortisol that targets most cells)

Zona Fasciculata

inner layer of the Adrenal Cortex, which contains Androgen hormones made during puberty

Zona Reticularis

99% exocrine



1% endocrine

Pancreas

In the pancreas, Endocrine Cells are found in the __________ ______.

Pancreatic Islets

cells of the Pancreas that make glucagon

Alpha Cells

cells of the Pancreas that make insulin

Beta Cells

increases blood/glucose levels

Glucagon


decreases blood/glucose levels

Insulin

endocrine gland that secretes melatonin

Pineal Gland