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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the 3 main layers of the skin? |
1.Epidermis 2.Dermis 3.Subcutaneous |
E D S |
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What are the 5 layers of the Epidermis |
1. Corneum/ Horny cells 2. Lucidium/ Clear cells 3. Granulosum/ Granular cells 4. Spinosum/ Prickle cells 5. Germinativum/ Basal cells |
Can Love Give Susie Babies |
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What is the main function of the Epidermis? |
To protect the deeper living structures from external environment. |
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What does Keratin do? |
Makes skin tough, which reduces substances into and out of the body. Makes skin tough, which reduces substances into and out of the body. Makes skin tough, which reduces substances into and out of the body. Makes skin tough, which reduces substances into and out of the body. Makes skin tough, which reduces substances into and out of the body. |
Can Love Give Susie Babies |
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What is the main type of cell found in the Epidermis? |
Keratinocyte |
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What does keratinocyte produce? |
Keratin. |
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What does the stratum corneum layer do? |
Helps reflect ultra violet light from skin surface. |
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What is the stratum Lucidum layer? |
Only seen on non hair area's (palms/soles of feet) They lack a nucleus Filled with a clear substance called eledin. |
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What is the Granular layer? |
1.Composed of 1,2 or 3 layers Which have become much flatter 2.The nucleus of the cell has begun breaking up creating granules within the cytoplasm. 3.Later form keratin |
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What is the spinosum layer? |
1.Called the Prickle layer 2.Formed from 2-6 rows of elongated cells 3. Surface is spikey spines which connect to surrounding cells 4. Each cell has a large nucleus and is filled with fluid. |
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What is the Basal layer? |
1. This is the deepest layer of the Epidermis 2. Formed of a single layer of column 3. Shaped cells joined to basement layer 4. These cells divide continually 5. Produce new epidermal cells (keratinocytes) 6. This is called mitosis 7. Also cells called melanocytes which produce fine granules of pigment, which is the main colouring agent of the skin. |
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What is the middle layer of the skin called? |
Dermis (dermal layer) |
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What is the function of the hair follicle & shaft? |
1. Main function is to produce hair. 2. Hair acts as a wick to allow oil from sebaceous gland to flow onto the surface of the Epidermis. 3. The visible hair is seen as the hair shaft. |
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What is the function of the sebaceous glands? |
1. Appears as a minutè sac like organ 2. Associated with the hair follicle 3. Seb gland and hair folic forms the pilo sebaceous unit but can also appear independently. 4. Secretes an oily substance (sebum) 5. Keeps hair soft and skin moist. |
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What is the function of sweat glands/pores |
1. Helps regulate body temp by excretion excess water, which evaporates, releasing heat off the surface of body. |
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What is Eccrine (sudoriferous glands) |
1. This is composed of epithelial tissue 2. Specialised lining tissue 3. Extends from Epidermis to Dermis 4. Found all over body 5. Particularly abundant on palms or soles. |
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What is the function of Apocrine (sweat gland) |
1. Found in the armpit, nipped and groin 2. Larger than the Eccrine 3. Attached to the hair follicle 4.controlled by hormones 5. Becomes active at puberty |
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What is the function of nerve endings? |
1. Dermis contains different types of sensory nerve endings. 2. Register the sensations of touch, pressure, pain and temp 3. Send messages to central nervous system & brain regarding what's happening on skin surface and around it. 4. appearance of these nerve endings causes a reflex action to unpleasant stimuli which protects skin from injury. |
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The dermal layer has many structure, what are they? |
1. Hair follicle/hair shaft 2. Sebaceous glands 3. Sweat glands/pore (Eccrine & Apocrine) 4. Nerve endings 5. Capillaries 6. Lymphatic vessels 7. Dermal papillae 8. Arrector pili muscle 9. Collagen 10. Elastin |
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What are capillaries? |
1. Small blood vessels that distribute oxygenated blood from arteries to the tissues of the body. |
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What are Lymphatic vessels? |
1. These run very close to veins 2. Forming an extensive network throughout body 3. Lymph moves slowly 4. The valves along the lymph vessel prevent backflow of the lymph vessel 5. Eventually will flow into one or other of two large lymphatic vessels. |
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What is Dermal Papillae? |
An organ that provides the hair with blood to help grow. |
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What is Arrector Pili Muscle? |
GOOSEBUMPS 1. Is attached to base of follicle 2. Coldness, aggression or fright stimulates this muscle, pulling the follicle and hair upright. |
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What is collagen? |
Protein fibre found in the dermis, giving the skin strength. |
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What is elastin? |
Protein Fibre found in dermis which gives skin elasticity. |
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What are the 4 main functions of the subcutaneous layer (Hypodermis) |
1. Insulation 2. Protection 3. Resists compression 4. Food reserve |
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What are the functions of the skin? |
1. Sensation 2. Heat Regulation 3. Absorption 4. Protection 5. Excretion 6. Secretion |
Use the word SHAPES to remember them. |
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Describe the function of sensation? |
1. Contains nerve endings 2. Which react to touch, pressure, heat, cold, vibration and tissue injury. |
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Describe the function of heat regulation? |
1. Regulates body temp 2. Produces sweat, which evaporates on skin to cool us down. 3. Regulates body temp through swear glands, blood vessels and assistance of the arrector pili muscle. |
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Describe absorption? |
Oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide enter your skin in small amounts by absorption. Medical ointments and patches and skin care can penetrate the bloodstream this way of absorption. |
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Describe protection function? |
Skin protects us from chemicals, UV-Rays, bacteria and hot/cold environment. |
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The subcutaneous layer is made up of tissue called ADIPOSE, What is another name for this? |
Fatty tissue |
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Describe excretion function? |
The skins way of eliminating waste products, such as urea, through the sweat glands. |
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