Statistics From Chapters 1

Front 1

What is data at the Ordinal level of measurement?

Back 1

Data at this level are qualitative or quantitative.
Data at this level can be arranged in order or ranked, but differences between data entries are not meaningful.

Front 2

What is data at the Nominal level?

Back 2

It is qualitative only
At this level, data is categorized using names, labels, or qualities.
No mathematic computations can be made at this level.

Front 3

What are the 4 levels of measurement?

Back 3

Nominal (lowest)
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio (highest)

Front 4

What is qualitative data?

Back 4

Data that consist of attributes, labels, or non numerical entries.

Front 5

What is quantitative data?

Back 5

Data that consist of numerical measurements or counts.

Front 6

What are 2 types of data?

Back 6

Qualitative data & quantitative data

Front 7

What are the basic tools in the study of Inferential Statistics?

Back 7

Probability

Front 8

What is Inferential statistics?

Back 8

The branch of statistics that involves using a sample to draw conclusions about a population. A basic tool in the study of Inferential statistics is probability.

Front 9

What are the 2 major branches of statistics?

Back 9

Descriptive Statistics & Inferential Statistics.

Front 10

What is Descriptive Statistics?

Back 10

The branch of statistics that involve the organization. Summarization, and display of data.

Front 11

What is a statistic?

Back 11

A numerical description of a sample characteristic.

Front 12

What is the definition of statistics?

Back 12

The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to make decisions.

Front 13

What is a parameter?

Back 13

A numerical description of a population characteristic.

Front 14

What does data consist of?

Back 14

Information from observations, counts, measurements or responses.

Front 15

What are the names of the 2 data sets?.

Back 15

Population & sample

Front 16

What is a population?

Back 16

The collection of ALL outcomes, responses, measurements, or counts that are of interest.

Front 17

What is a sample?

Back 17

A subset or part of a population.

Front 18

What is a parameter?

Back 18

it is anumberical summary of a population

Front 19

Describe a variable at the nominal level of measurement?

Back 19

If the value of the varibale is named, labled, or categorized.

Front 20

Describe a varibale at the ordinal level of measurement?

Back 20

If the varibale has the properties of the nominal level (name, label, or category) and the differences in the values have meaning.

Front 21

Describe a varibale at the ratio level of measurement?

Back 21

It is when the properties of the interval level of measuremnet and the ratios of the values of the varibale have meaning.

Front 22

What is confounding?

Back 22

occurs when the effects of two or more explanatory variables are not separated.

Front 23

What is a lurking variable?

Back 23

It is an explanatory variable that was not considered in a study.

Front 24

What is an observational study>

Back 24

It measures the value of the response variable without attempting to influence the vaue of either the response or explantatory variables.

Front 25

If a researcher assignes the individuals in a study to a certain group, intentionally changes the value of an explanatory variable, and then records the value of the response varibale for each group, the researcher is conducting, a

Back 25

designed experiement

Front 26

To look back in time

Back 26

retrospective

Front 27

a list of all individuals in a population along with certain characterisitcs of each individual

Back 27

census

Front 28

random sampling?

Back 28

the process of using chance to select individulas from a population to be included in the sample

Front 29

Seed, pertaining to a random number generator?

Back 29

provides an initial point for the generator to start creating random numbers.

Front 30

what is a systematic sample?

Back 30

it is obtained when selecting every (k)th individual from the population, the first individual selected corresponds to a random number between 1 and (k).

Front 31

_____________is obtained by seperating the populaton into nonoverlapping groups called strata and then obtaining asimple rnadom sample from each stratum.

Back 31

a Stratified sample

Front 32

A cluster sample?

Back 32

is a sample that is obtained by selecting all individuals within a randomly selected collection or group of individuals.

Front 33

A conveinence sample/

Back 33

is a sample which the individuals are easily obtained and not based on randomness.