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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is data?
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Observations (such as measurements, genders, survey responses) that have been collected.
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What is statistics?
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A collection of methods for planning studies and experiments, obtaining data, and then organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on the data.
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What is a population?
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The complete collection of all elements (scores, people, measurements, and so on) to be studied. The collection is complete in the sense that it includes all subjects to be studied.
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What is a census?
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The collection of data from every member of the population.
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What is a sample?
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A subcollection of members selected from a population.
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What is a parameter?
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A numerical measurement describing characteristics of a population.
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What is a statistic?
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A numerical measurement describing a characteristic of a sample.
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What is quantitative data?
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Data that consists of numbers representing counts or measurements.
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What is qualitative data?
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Data that can be separated into different categories that are distinguishable by some nonnumeric characteristic.
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What is discrete data?
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Data that results when the number of possible values is either a finite number of a "countable" number. (That is, the number of possible values is 0 or 1 or 2 and so on).
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What is continuous (numerical) data?
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Data that results from infinitely many possible values that correspond to some continuous scale that covers a range of values without gaps, interruptions, or jumps.
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What is the nominal level of measurement?
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A measurement that is characterized by data that consist of names, labels, or categories only. The data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme (such as low to high).
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What is the ordinal level of measurement?
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A measurement that can be arranged in some order, but differences between data values either cannot be determined or are meaningless.
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What is the interval level of measurement?
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A measurement that is like the ordinal level, with the additional that the difference between any two data values is meaningful. However, data at this level do not have a natural zero starting point (where none of the quantity is present).
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What is the ratio level of measurement?
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An interval level measurement with the additional property that there is also a natural zero starting point (where zero indicates that none of the quantity is present). For values at this level, differences and ratios are both meaningful.
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