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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Achieved Status
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status attained by personal achievement. ex. Police man
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Ascribed Status
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status that you have from the moment you are born ex male female
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Auguste Comte
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French philosopher that coined the term Sociology. He wanted to solve peoples problems by identifying social behaviors Positive basis for sociology.
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Positivism
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scientific observation and description is considered the highest form of knowledge.
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C. Wright Mills
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Social imagination enables possessor to understand larger historical scene and meaning off inner life of a variety of individuals.
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Private troubles
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occur with in the character of the INDIVIDUAL and his/her relation to others.C. wright Mills
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public issues
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Mills- having to do w matters that trancend the local envt and the individual to large numbers of people. Affect masses a systemic problem
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Conflict Theory
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a theoretical perspective that emphasizes the role of power and coercion in producing social order.
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Dependant Variable
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the variable that is a presumed effect.
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Exchange Therory
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theory arguing behavior is determined by the rewards or punishments people receive as they interact with others
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Hypothesis
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a statement about what one expects to find in research
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Independant variable
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a variable that is presumed cause of a particular result
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Participant observation
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a method whereby the sociologist becomes both a participant in the group being studied ans a scientific observer of the group
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Qualitative Research
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research that is somewhat less structured than quantitative research but allows more interpretation and nuance in what people say. Sdurveys interviewing
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Quantitative research
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research that uses numerical analysis
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Reliability
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the likelihood that a particular measure would produce the same results if the measure were repeated
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social facts
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social patterns that are external to individuals
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social Institutions
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an established and organized system of social behavior with recognized purpose
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social interaction
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behavior between two or more people that is given meaning
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sociological imagination
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the ability to see the societal patterns that influence individual and group life
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Symbolic Interactionism
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a theoretical perspective claiming that people act tword things because of the meaning things have for them
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Troubles vs Issues
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troubles- privately fealt problems that come from events or fellings in ones individual life.
Issues- apply to large numbers and origin is in the institution and history |
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Tuskegee Syphilis Study
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an unethical study of about 400 syphilis-infected African American men who went untreated for the disease for 40 years, from 1932 to 1972, even though a cure (penicillin) was discovered in the early 1950s
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Validity
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the deghree to which an indicator accurately measures or reflects a concept
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postmodernism
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a theoretical perspective based in the idea that communication in all its forms is reality, such that understanding society requires studying all forms of communication, including cultural ideas, language, texts, and self conceptions
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George Herbert Meade
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saw the individual and the society as interdependent. individuals developed as a result of relationships w others
Society exists because it is percieved in the minds of people |
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Functionalism
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interprets each part of society in terms of how it contributes to the stability as a whole.when a part is disfunctional it creates social problems.
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Collective consciousness
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the body of beliefs that are common to a community or society and that give people a sense of belonging
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Division of labor
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the systematic interrelation of different tasks that develops in complex societies
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ethnomethodology
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a technique for studying human interaction by deliberately disrupting social norms and observing how individuals attempt to restore normalcy
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Impression management
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a process by which people control how others perceive them
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macro sociological theories
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analysis of the smallest, most immediately visible parts of social life, such as people interacting study the large patterns of society
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micro sociological theories
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looking at individual interactions. most immediately visable parts of socity
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organic solidarity
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unity based on role differentiation not similartity
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mechanical solidarity
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unity based on similarity not difference of roles
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paralinguistic communication
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meaning in communication that is conveyed by pitch loudness, rhythm, emphasis, and frequency
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role
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the expected behavior associated with a given status in society
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role conflict
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two or more roles associated w contradictory expectations
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role strain
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conflicting expectations w in the same role
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status
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an established position in a social structure that carries with it a degree of prestige
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status inconsistancy
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exists when the different statuses occupied by the individual bring with them significantly different amounts of prestige
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Sui Generis
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society is independant of all individuals. Society will live on after individual stops interacting with it
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Dialectical Materialism
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(Marx & Hegel) Marxism is a synthesis of philosifical dialects and materialism. EX thruthtruth is a product of history even whaen we make errors it is helping us develope truth
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Master Status
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status that supicedes all others ex mother over wife and woman
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Bourgeoisie
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upper or merchant class
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Proletariat
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lower social class
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Evaluation research
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assess the effects of policy & programs on a group of people.ex testing group to evaluate educational program
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Policy research
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Evaluation research used for policy reform or evauation
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