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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sociological imagination
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(C.W. Mills) Connecting individuals to larger social forces to help see the world from a different perspective.
Ex. Look at a child's bad behavior based on the type of interactions he's getting in school |
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empirical
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a tangible piece of evidence
Ex. an observation, hearing something, statistics, etc. |
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descriptive statistics
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Provides hard facts and information
Ex. Census |
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causal connection
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One thing influences another
Ex. Students better on tests when they drink coffee before the exam. |
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manifest function
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The official defined purpose
Ex. Kids go to school in order to learn |
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latent function
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The hidden purpose
Ex. Kids go to school to be babysat |
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culture
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a complex whole including knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by a person as a member of society
Ex. American culture and its importance on individualism and how that affects other institutions |
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language
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a set of symbols we use to pass on ideas using sounds and symbols that have an arbitrary but structured meaning
Ex. Speaking English in the US |
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symbols
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an act/object that has come to have social acceptance of standing for something else
Ex. Waving means you're saying hello |
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material culture
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tangible goods we create
Ex. Production of silk by the Chinese culture |
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non-material culture
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Patterns for thinking, acting; learned behavior
Ex. Table manners |
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mores
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An important norm
Ex. Killing someone |
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folkways
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A less important norm
Ex. Invading someone's personal space |
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cultural relativism
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(Horace Miner) in order to understand the meaning of something you have to understand the culture
Ex. Americans and the Nacirema article |
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society
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the people who share a culture (somewhat limited by geographic space)
Ex. Members of the Brunswick community |
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social/cultural constructs
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things created within the society/culture (not biologically driven/determined)
Ex. acceptable emotions |
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social institution
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a type of action/interaction/organization that is especially important to a society
Ex. family, gender |
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social structure
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shapes the ways we live in society by ordering social interactions in recurrent and stable patterns
Ex. Socioeconomic status and class |
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status
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position within a group of society
Ex. mother, teacher |
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role
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the expected behavior associated with a given status
Ex. Mother will take care of the children |
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master status
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a status that is more powerful than all the others
Ex. Priest, US President |
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achieved status
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things we gain/earn in our lifetime
Ex. college student |
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ascribed status
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given/assigned by the group or society
Ex. race, gender |
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microsociobiologic approach
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study of everyday behavior in situation of face-to-face interaction
Ex. Observe children in a classroom |
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macrosociobiologic approach
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look at the larger systems and see how they work
Ex. Focus on the impact of a natural disaster on global economy, etc. |
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looking glass self
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(George Herbert Mead) the way we develop our sense of self is based on how people react to us and how we interact with them
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dramaturgical theory
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(Erving Goffman) what we do in front of people doesn't necessarily reflect who we are
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socialization
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how people learn how to be members of a society
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primary socialization
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socialization when we are babies
Ex. Parents teach children how to act in different situations |
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secondary socialization
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experience a change in our group or community and learn how to interact within that environment
Ex. Move into a new neighborhood and learn the routine |
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deviance
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when people violate the norms of society
Ex. Having bright pink hair |
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labeling theory
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label behavior as deviant to protect what they have and they have the power to do so
Ex. Heterosexuals against homosexual marriage |
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cultural universals
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certain values shared universally
Ex. a broad definition of family |
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values
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broad ideas of what’s desireable/correct
Ex. Hard work |
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norms
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observable social rules that specify appropriate/inappropriate behavior; determined by values
Ex. Laws |
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sanctions
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punishment for violating norms
Ex. Jail, ostracism |
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role conflict
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roles compete with actions or decisions
Ex. physician wants people to get better but also wants to make money |
