Sociology Ch 4

Front 1

Social interaction

Back 1

the process by which people act toward or respond to other people and is the foundation for all relationship and groups in society

Front 2

social structure

Back 2

is complex framework of societal institutions and the social practices that make up a society and that organize and establish limites on peoples behavior

Front 3

Status

Back 3

a socially defined position in a group of society characterized by certain expectations, rights and duties

Front 4

status set

Back 4

all the statues that a person occupies at a given time

Front 5

ascribed status

Back 5

a social position conferred at birth or received involuntarily later in life based on attributes over which the individual has little or no control, such as race/ethnicity, age and gender

Front 6

achieved status

Back 6

a social position that a person assumes voluntarily as a result of personal choice, merit, or direct effort

Front 7

master status

Back 7

the most imporntant status that a person occupies

Front 8

status symbol

Back 8

A material sign that informs others ofa person's specific status

Front 9

role

Back 9

a set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status

Front 10

role expectations a

Back 10

a group's or society's definition of the way that a specific role ought to be played

Front 11

role preformance

Back 11

how a person actually plays a role

Front 12

role conflict

Back 12

a situation in which incompatible role demands are placed on a person by two or more statuses held at the same time

Front 13

role strain

Back 13

a condition that occurs when incompatible demands are built into a single status that a person occupies

Front 14

role exit

Back 14

a stiuation in which peopole disengage from social roles that have been central to their self identity

Front 15

Social group

Back 15

a group that consists of two or more people who interact frequently and share a common identity and feelings of interdependence.

Front 16

Primary group

Back 16

a small, less specialized group in which members engage in face to face, emotion-based interactions over an extended period of time

Front 17

secondary group

Back 17

a larger, more specialized group in which members engage in more impersonal, goal-orinted relationships for a limited period of time

Front 18

formal organizations

Back 18

a highly structered group formed for the purpose of completing certain taks or achieving specific goals

Front 19

social institution

Back 19

a set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its basic social needs.

Front 20

Division of labor

Back 20

how the various tasks of a society are divided up and preformed

Front 21

mechanical solidarity

Back 21

Emile Durkheim's term for the social cohesion in preindustrial societies, in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds

Front 22

organic solidarity

Back 22

Emile Durkheim's term for the social cohesion found in industrial societies, in which people preform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence.

Front 23

Gemeinschaft ( guh-MINE-shoft)

Back 23

a traditional society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendships are kinship and on intergenerational stability

Front 24

Geshellchaft (guh-ZELL-shoft)

Back 24

a large, urban society in which social bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little long-term commitment to the group or consensus on values

Front 25

industrial society

Back 25

a society based on technology that mechanizes production

Front 26

Postindustrial society

Back 26

a society in which technology supports a service and information based economy

Front 27

Social construction of reality

Back 27

the process by which our perception of reality is largely shaped by the subjective meaning that we give to an experience

Front 28

self-fulfilling profhecy

Back 28

the situation in which a false belief or prediction produces behavior that makes the originally false belief come true

Front 29

ethnomethodology

Back 29

the study of the commonsense knowledge that people use to understand the situations in which they find themselves

Front 30

dramaturgical analysis

Back 30

the study of social interaction that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation

Front 31

impression management
(presentation of self)

Back 31

Erving Goffman's term for people's efforts to present themselves together
in ways that we are most favorable to their own interests or image

Front 32

fac-saving behavior

Back 32

Erving Goffman's term for the strategies we use to rescue our preformance when we experience a potential or actual loss of face

Front 33

Nonverbal communication

Back 33

the transfer of information between persons without the use of words

Front 34

Perosnal space

Back 34

the immediate area surrounding a person that the person claims as private