• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/91

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

91 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
3 ways of forming relationships attractions
1) Familiarity and Similarity
2) Physical Attractivness
3) Personality Traits
Famlliarity and Similarity
is a necessary condition for a close relationship to develop
Consensual Validation
Our own attitudes and behavior are supported when someone else's attitudes and behavior are similar to ours
Physical Attractiveness
we usually seek out someone at our own level of attractiveness in both physical characteristic an dsocial attributes.
Matching Hypothesis
although people may prefer a more attractive person in the abstract, in the real world, they end up choosing someone closer to their own level of attractiveness.
Personality traits
are amoung those we like and do not like, respectively.
Friendship
close relationships that involve intimacy, trust, acceptance, mutual liking, and understanding
types of gender Friendship
1) Between women
2) Between men
3) between men and women
Friendship between women
women have more close friendships involve more self-disclosure and exchange of mutual support, more likley to listen, sympathetic.
Friendship between men
more likely to engage in activities, expecially outdoors.
Briendship between women and men
problems can arise in cross gender friendships becouse of different expectations.
Strategies for getting and keeping friends
1) be nice, kind and considerate
2) be honest and trustworthy
3) respect others
4) provide emotional support
Love
involves being close to someone: it includes dependency, a more selfless orientation toward the individual, and qualities of absorption and exclusiveness
Romantic Love(passionate love)
has strong components of sexuallity and infatuation, and it often predominates in the early part of a love relationship.
also includes a complex intermingling of emotions fear, anger, sexual desires, joy and jealousy.
Affectionate love ( companionate love)
is the type of love that occurs when individuals desire to have the other person near and have a deep, caring affection for the person.
Consummate love
the strongest form of love that consists of passion, intimacy, and commitment.
Types of love
1) infatuation
2) affectionate love
3) fatuous love
4) consummate love
Sternberg's theory states
the ideal form of love consummate love- involves all three dimensions. Passion, intimacy, commitment.
Sternberg's triangle of love
1) passion
2) intimacy
3) commitment
Attachment
we learn an attachment style as infants and tehn carry it foward as a working model, a sort of bluepring, for our relationship as adults.
Attachment Styles
1) Secure
2) avoidant
3) ambivalent
Secure attachment style
the caregiver is responsive to teh infant's needs and shows postivie emotions when interacting with the infant. Securely attached infants trust their cargiver, don't fear that they will be abandoned, and explore their world in positive ways.
Avoidant attachments style
the caregiver is distant or rejecting , and fails to respond to the infant's bids fo establish intimacy, Avoidant infants supress their desire to be close to their caregiver
Ambivalent attachment Style
The caregiver is inconsistently available and when present often overbearing with affections: as a result, the infants can't predict when and how their caregiver will respond. Ambivalent infants may cling anxiously to the caregiver and then fight against the closeness by punshing away.
Links between attachment in childhood and close relationships in adulthood
1) adults, individuals who were securely attached to a caregiver in childhood find it easy to get close to others
2) adults, individuals who had an avoidant attachment style in childhood find it difficult to develop intimate relationships.
3) adults, individuals who had an ambivalent style are less trusting.
Falling out of love
may be wise if you are obsessed with a person who repeatedly betrays your trust, draining you emotionally or financially or does not return your feelings.
Strategies for breaking the bonds of love
1) identify teh feelings that make it hard to surrender teh relationship
2) develop a stronger sense of self-esteem and independence
3) recongnize and stop the self-defeating thoughts that prevent us from taking effective actions to leave teh relationship
4) fall in love with someone else, but only when you are emotionally ready
Dark side of close relationships
1) anger
2) jealousy
3) spouse and partner abuse
4) dependence
5) loneliness
Anger
is a powerful emotion and an sometimes become an extermely distructive element in close relationship, anger justifies itself, passivity and outburst, catharsis-perceived injustice
Jealousy
the fear of perceived possibility of long somone else's exclusive love
3 phase cycle of domestic violence
1) tension building
2) acute battering incident
3) loving contrition
Tension Building
tension builds up and the battered person uses coping skills to avoid abusive situations
Acute Battering Incident
Tension escalated until the batterer explodes into a violent exisode
Loving Contrition
tension is reduced whent eh batterer is remorseful, loving and generous, and the vicitm chooses to believe that the change is permanent. The tension soon starts to build again, owever and the cycle is repeated.
a second obstacle to permanent change
men who batter are usually dependent on their spouse as the only source of intimacy, love and support:
Dependence
have a low self esteem and fellings of insecurity, may become jelous of their partner, is likely to be perceived as a burden by the partner.
Strategies for overcoming excessive dependence
1) admit that the problem exists
2) explore the reasons for such neediness
3) intimate some strategies taht will lead to increased independence
Loneliness
people who do not interact with others in close relationship on a regular basis may beel lonely. For some people loneliness is a chronic condition, linked to impaired physical and mental helalth.
Males and Females loneliness come from different sources
Men-blame themselves
Women-blame external factors
Loneliness and life's transitions
loneliness is ninterwoven with many life transitions such as a move to a different part of the country, divorce or a death of a close friend or family member.
Loneliness and Technology
becouse of society's techology, links have been found between TV viewing and loneliness, people isolate themselves at their computers when they use the intenet,
wha % of college students report loneliness and what year of college
75% 1st year
6 diversity of adult lifestyles
1) single adults living alone
2) cohabiting adults
3) married adults
4) divorced adults
5) remarried adults
6) Gay and Lesbian Relationships
Single and living alone
8 to 25% live From 1970 to 2000
reasons for living alone consist of death of partiner, divorce ect.
Advantages of being single
make dicisions for yourself, time to develop personal resources to meet goals, pursue one's own schedule's
Cohabiting adults
living together in a secual relationship without being married
Married adults
brides and grooms are on average older getting married to day. marriages seem to last longer when one waits later to get married.
Myths about marrage
1) affairs are the main reason people get divorced
2) Men are not biologically made for marrage
3) Men are form "Marse" and women are form "venus"
Strategies for making marriage work
1) Establish love maps
2) Nurture fondness and admiration
3) Turn toward each other instead of away
4) Let your partner influence you
5) Solve solvable conflictions
6) overcome gridlock
7) Creat shared meaning
Marrage conflicts
work, stress, in-law, money, sex, housework and a new baby.
Gottman's study found Resolving conflicts works best when
a couple start out solving theporblem with a soft rather than a hars hpproach, they are motivated to repair the relationship, regulate their emotions, compromise, and are tolerant of each others falts
Finding a partner
differs from one culture to another, knowing what you are looking for in a partner is imporntant to each individual looking for a partner for life.
Marital Expectations
we expect a spouse to simultaneously to be a slove, friend, confidant, counselor, career person and parent
Benefits of a good marriage
live long
discribed as a happer person
Divorced adults
love income groups have a higher incidence of divorce than higher groups
Youthful marriage, premarital pregnancy, low educational level, and low income are associated with increases in divorce.
Coping with Divorce
1) Social Maturity
2) Autonomy
3) internal locus of control
4) religiousity
5) work
6) Social Support
7) a new intimate relationship
Diversity of postdivorce pathways
1) enhancers
2) good enough
3) seekers
4) libertines
5) competent loners
6) defeated
Strategies for Divorced adults
1) look at divorce as an opportunity for personal growth and to build more fulfilling relationships
2) think carefully about your choices
3) focus more on teh future than the past
4) capitalize on your strengths and the resources abailable to you
5) don't expect to be successful and happy in everything you do
6) you are never trapped by one pathway
Remarried Adults
divorced adults remarry within 4 years of divorce, men remarrying sooner tahn women, Stepfamilies come in many sizes and forms. marrages don't last becouse adults get married for wrong reasons, financial, rearing children, and reduce loneliness.
Strategies for remarried adults
1) have realistic expectations
2) develop new positive relationships within the family
3) allot time to be alone with each other
4) learn form the first marrage
5) don't expect instant love from stepchildren
Gay and Lesbian Relationships
their relationships are very simular to heterosexual relationships.
The Family life cycle
1) leaving home
2) new couple
3) Becoming a Family with Children
4) family with adolescents
5) midlife families
6) families in later life
Leaving Home and becoming a single adult
is the first stage in teh family life cycle, and it involves launching, the process in which youth move into adulthood and exit their family of origin.
Launching
The process in which youth moves into adulthood and exit their family of origin
New Couple
forming the new couple is the second stage int eh family life cycle. Two individuals from separate families of origin unite to form a new family system
Becoming a Family with Children
is the third stage in the family life cycle.
adults move up a generation and become caregivers to the younger generation.
Family wiht adolescents
increasing flexibility of family boundaries to include children's independence and grandparents fraities
Midlife families
is the 5th stage in teh family life cycle, it is a time of launching children, linking generations, and adapting to midlife changes.
The family in later life
the sixth and final stage in teh family life cycle, involving retirement and in may families grandparenting.
Strategies for parenting adolescents
1) show them warmth and respect, and avoid teh tendency to be too controlling or too permissive
2) demonstrate sustained interest in their lives
3) understand and adapt to their cognitive and socioemotional development
4) communicate expectations for high standards of conduct and achievement
5) display constructive ways of dealing with problems and conflict
6) understant that adolescents don't become adults overnight
Empty nest syndrome
a decrease in maritial satification and increase in feeling of emptiness brought about by the children leaving
Parenting styles
1) Authoritarian
2) Authoritative
3) Neglectful
4) Indulgent
Authoritarian Parenting
is restrictive, punitive style in which parents exhort the child to follow their directions and respect their efforts. the authoritarian parent places firm limits on the child and allows little verbal exchange.
Authoritative Parenting
encourages children to be independent but still place limits on their actions. Extensive verbal give and take is allowed, and parent are warm and nurturant toward the child.
Neglectful parenting
is a style in which the parent is very uninvolved in the child's life. Children whose parents are neglectful develop the sense that other aspects of the parents' lives are more important than they are.
Indulgent parenting
is a style of parenting in which parents are very involved with their children but place few demands or controls on them. These parents let their children do what they want.
Strategies for effective parenting
1) use authoritative parenting
2) Understand that parenting takes time and effort
3) Be a good manager
4) Don't use physical punishment in disciplining children
Working parents
when a child's mother works in the first year of life it can have a negative effect on the child's latter development. There can be positives and negatives to a working mom,
Children in Divorced Families
Most children for divorced families show poorer adjustment, have academic problems, show externalized problem, internalized problem less socially responsible, have less competent intimate relationships, drop out of school, become sexually active at an early age, take drugs, associate with antisocial peers, and to have low self-esteem. However a majority of children in divorced families do not have significant adjustment problems.
Strategies for communicating with children about divorce
1) explain the separation in a sensitive way
2) explain that the separation is not the child's fault
3) Explain that it may take time to feel better
4) keep the door open for futher discussion
5) provide as much continuity as possible
6) provide support for your children
Ethnicity and parenting
differ in their typical size, reliance on kinship networks, levels of income and education. large families and extended families are more common amoung minority groups.
Child Abuse types
1) physical abuse
2) child neglect
3) sexual abuse
4) emotional abuse
Child abuse- physical abuse
is infliction of physical injury as result of punching, beating, kicking, biting, burning, shaking, or otherwise harming a child
Child abuse- Child neglect
what are the types of netlect
failure to provide for the child's basic needs.
1) physical neglect
2) educational neglect
3) emotional neglect
Physical neglect-child abuse
refusing or delaying health care, abandonment, expulsion form the home or refusal to allow a runaway to return home and inadequate supervision
Educational neglect-child abuse
involves allowing chronic truancy, failing to enroll a child of mandatory school age in school, and failing to attend to a special education need
Emotional neglect-child abuse
includes such actions as marked inattention to the child's needs for affection, failure to provide necessary psychological care, spouse abuse in the child's presence, allowing the child to drink alcohol or use other drugs.
Sexual abuse- child abuse
fondling a child's genitanls, intercourse, incest, rape, sodomy, exhibitionism, and commercial exploitation through prostitution or the production of pornographic materials.
Emotional abuse-child abuse
(including psychological or verbal or mental injury) acts or omissions by parents or other caregivers that have cause, or could cause, serious behavioral, cognitive, or emotional problems. unusual types of punishments, belittling, and rejection of the child.
Consequences of abuse
Consequences of child maltreatment are wide ranging, including problems in emotion regulation, in attachment, peer relations, and in school as well as other psychological problems.
Adult Lifestyles
1) Diversity of adult lifestyles
2) The family life cycle
3) parenting