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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Sociology? |
The systematic study of human social life, groups, societies and the social context in which behavior occurs
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The “sociological imagination” (Mills)
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The application of imaginative thought to the asking and answering of sociological questions. Someone using the sociological imagination “thinks himself away” from the familiar routines of daily life
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Personal troubles (Mills)
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“Personal troubles of the milieu: occur within the character of the individual and within the range of his immediate relations with others”
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Public issues (Mills)
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“Public issues of social structure: have to do with matters that transcend these local environments…and have do with the organization of…the institutions of a society as a whole.”
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Social structure
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The distinctive, stable arrangement of institutions whereby human beings in a society interact and live together. Social structure is often treated together with the concept of social change, which deals with the forces that change the social structure and the organization of society.
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Social norms
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principles or rules of social life that everyone is expected to observe. A norm either prescribes a given type of behavior or forbids it
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Socialization
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The social processes through which children develop an awareness of social norms. Socialization starts in childhood, but continues all throughout life.
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Theory
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A set of ideas that provides explanations for a broad range of phenomena.
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Sociological theory
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a set of ideas that explains a wide range of human behaviors.
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Globalization
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The development of social and economic relationships stretching worldwide. Key part of the study of globalization is the emergence of a world system.
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Social Construction of Reality |
an idea or practice that a group of people agree exist |
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Social facts
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the aspect of social life that shape our actions as individuals. Durkheim believed that social fact could be studied scientifically.
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Division of labor
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The specialization of work tasks by means which different occupations are combined within a production system.
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Capitalism
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an economic system based on the private ownership of wealth, which is invested and reinvested in order to produce a profit
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Bureaucracy
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A type of organization marked by a clear hierarchy of authority and the existence of written rules of procedure and staffed by full-time, salaried officials
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Rationalization
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A concept used by Max Weber to refer to the process by which modes of precise calculation and organization, involving abstract rules and procedures, increasingly come to dominate the social world
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Functionalism: its core assumptions and limitations
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a theoretical perspective based on the notion that social events can best be explained in terms of the functions they perform—that is, the contributions they make to society
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Manifest Functions
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the functions of a type of social activity that are known to and intended by the individual involved in the activity
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Latent Functions
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functional consequences that are not intended or recognized by three members of a social system in which they occur
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Symbolic interactionism: its core assumptions and limitations |
a theoretical approach in sociology developed by Mead that emphasizes the role of symbols and language as core elements of all human interactions
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Rational choice theory
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the theory that an individual’s behavior is purposive.
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civil inattention |
the process whereby individuals in the same physical setting demonstrate to one another that they are aware of each other’s presences
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