Social Psychology Ch 10 Agression

Front 1

what is an agression?

Back 1

BEHAVIOUR WITH THE INTENTION TO HURT OTHERS

Front 2

3 CRUTIAL COMPONENTS OF AGRESSION

Back 2

aggresion is behavior

-behavior is meant

-behavior is with the intention to hurt someone else

Front 3

direct and indirect agression

Back 3

-direct- agression you show directly to smo. (hitting,making a mean remark.._

-indirect - has an indirect affect on person you want to hurt. (spreading mean gossips, demolishing smo's car..)

Front 4

emotional and instrumental agression

Back 4

emotional - to express anger and fury. purpose of the aggression is to damage or to control ones own emotions

instrumental - aggressive behavior to achieve a goal. someone else is injured as a way to achieve some other goal. hurting someone to accomplish some goal.

Front 5

goals of aggressive behavior

Back 5

-coping with feeling of annoyance(irritation). ( to use aggression to reduce annoyance)- irritation

-gaining material and social rewards - get what you want

-gaining or maintaining social status - i am a boss

-protecting ourselves and others -"when you hurt..., you hurt me"

Front 6

freud

Back 6

instincts: death and destruction:

aggression behavior can be rewarding or can be costly.

our behavior is intended to benefit us but it can backfire.

we do have an aggression instinct and in general it helps us.

see well in book

Front 7

aggression and adaptive goals

Back 7

see well in book

Front 8

displacement

Back 8

an indirect expression of aggression. like a bird preening its feathers in a conflict.

Front 9

catharsis theory

Back 9

aggressive energy needs to be expressed

Front 10

testosterone

Back 10

influences physical aggressive behavior.

testosterone contributes to risk of antisocial behavior only in lower-class men.

high testosterone is associated with substantially greater risk in lower-class men, who presumably have limited resources with which to achieve social dominance

Front 11

gender differences in agression

Back 11

Front 12

frustration-aggression hypothesis

Back 12

John Dolland.

aggression is an automatic response to blockades of goal-orientated behavior.

-if someone behaves aggressively it means that he was frustrated before

- if a person is frustrated, an aggressive expression will follow.

Berowitz reformulated this theory

that frustration leads to only EMOTIONAL (anger-driven) aggression. and frustration only lead to aggressive behavior when the frustrations cause negative feelings.

Front 13

excitation-transfer theory

Back 13

Zillman

each form of excitement contributes to inner arousal inside a person.. example of woman watch in erotic movie.

any arousing state could increase aggressiveness.

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type A peronality

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they are more easily irritated than others. therefore they show aggressive behavior more easily.

easily frustrated

Front 15

unpleasant situations that provoke aggressive behavior

Back 15

pain

sweltering(burning) heat

poverty

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relative deprivation(loss)

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the feeling of having less than the people you compare yourself to.

that's why when things go bad after a good period there is more aggression than when things go bad all the time.

Front 17

cognitive-neoassociation theory

Back 17

negative situation leads to negative feelings more negatively, and interpret things even more negatively.

Front 18

weapon effect

Back 18

seeing or holding a weapon induces negative and aggressive feelings

Front 19

social learning theory:rewarding violance

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people learn from the feedback they and people around them receive on their actions.

example of parents throwing "bobo" toy aggressively

Front 20

who finds rewards in violence?

Back 20

Front 21

psychopath

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someone who feels none or little empathy for others, who has a grandiose self-esteem, and who is insensitive to punishment. their aggression is instrumental.

Front 22

empathy

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causes you to feel bad when you see something bad happen to someone.

Front 23

violence in media

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Front 24

differential parental investment

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women choose the person to have sex very carefully.. because they may become pregnant.

they want the man to have good genes (sexual selection)

Front 25

culture of honor

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Culture of honor

Set of societal norms with central idea that people (particularly men) should be ready to defend their honor with violent retaliation if necessary

in some culture it is very important to be able to defend your own honor, with violence if this is needed it is expected to earn honor often by fighting

when someone insults you, an appropriate answer is with aggression

Front 26

defensive attribution style

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A tendency to notice threats and interpret other people’s behavior as intended to do one harm.

when we are very emotional and interpret other peoples behavior soon as threatening, we consider and use aggressive options faster.

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effect/danger ratio

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people look at the potential advantages and disadvantages of aggressive behavior in a situation .
better to kill a husband because fighting back can provoke more aggressiveness by the husband.

Front 28

reducing violence

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-rewarding alternatives to aggression

children need to be rewarded for non aggressive behavior.

-focus on more acceptable behaviors

-self-statements to manage anger see p 49

Zillmann’sapproach (table 10.4) (countingtoten)

-Preparing for provocation

-Confronting the provocation

-Coping with arousal and agitation

-Reflection on the provocation

-legal punishments(penalties) to decrease aggressiveness in social level

-deterrence

-prevention by removing threats - preventing instead of punishing aggression works best.

Front 29

sex differences in aggression

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