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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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SOCIAL PERCEPTIONS |
forming impressions and of making inferences about others. Impressions come from verbal and nonverbal communication and physical appearance. |
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Nonverbal Behavior |
the way in which people communicate without words: intentional or not. -facial expressions, tones of voice, gestures, etc. |
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Primary emotions/ 6 universal emotions |
anger, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise, disgust |
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Encoding vs. Decoding |
encoding = showing nonverbal behavior |
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Affect Blends |
When you see 2 types of emotions on the face |
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Culture / Display Rules |
rules that dictate which expressions are appropriate to show - eye contact, personal space, touching, hand gestures: thumbs up sign, etc = all mean different things across different cultures. |
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Emblems |
nonverbal communication symbols/gestures that are well understood within a given culture |
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Deception |
Can and cannot tell deception by... words and face are controllable, body language gives away and voice is best clue as pitch goes up when someone is lying. |
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Gender and Nonverbal Communication |
Women = better at encoding and decoding bc... power, historically women have no better therefore more important for them to understand emotions. |
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Implicit Personality Theory |
A type of schema in which people use to group various kinds of personality traits together > tied to culture , passed down thru generations |
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Attribution Theory |
A description of the way in which people explain the causes of their own and other people's behavior |
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Internal Attribution |
the inference that a person is behaving a certain way bc of something about themselves; their attitude, character, personality > preferred over External Attribution |
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External Attribution |
the inference that a person is behaving a certain way bc of something about the situation they are in > assumed that other ppl would act the same way in the same situation |
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Controllability |
guilt: internal, controllable, unstable = motivating |
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Stability |
shame: internal, uncontrollable, stable = makes one feel bad |
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Covariation Model |
a theory stating that to form an attribution about what caused a person's behavior, we need to note the pattern between the presence or absence of causal factors and whether or not the behavior occurs |
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Consistency Information (personal behavior) |
does this person do this every time in this situation? no? consistency = abnormal circumstance internal attribution |
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Distinctiveness Information (personal behavior in other situations) |
does this person do this in other situations? yes? high distinctiveness = external cause no? low distinctiveness = internal cause |
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Consensus Information (other people's behavior in the same situation) |
do others do the same thing in this situation? yes? high consensus = external cause no? low consensus = internal cause |
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Correspondence Bias |
The biased belief that people's behavior and personality match ex. Martha Stewart: Baker? Con? |
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Fundamental Attribution Error |
overestimates effects of internal dispositional factors and underestimates the external factor > blaming the victim |
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Actor/Observer Difference |
the tendency to see other peoples behavior as caused by their personality YET focusing more on the role of the situational factors when explaining our own behavior |
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Self-Serving Attributions |
motivated to see ourselves positively take credit for when we succeed and blame other people/things when we fail |
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False Consensus Effect |
exaggerate how common our behaviors/opinions are with others if they are negative |
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False Uniqueness Effect |
if we are doing something good, we went to think we are unique |
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Ego-Centric Bias |
exaggerate our own contributions to shared activities |
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Relationship Saving Bias |
don't want to only feel good about ourselves but with our partners as well, they are good too |
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Defensive Attributions |
explanations for behavior of, or events that happen, to others > avoid feelings of vulnerability, mortality |
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Belief in a "Just World" |
people get what they get and they get what they deserve > very likely when we think a victim could have controlled situation better but didn't |
