Soc 101 Final Exam

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Sociology focuses on

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groups and relationships

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the sociological imagination is mainly about

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relating social history to personal biography.

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informal social norms for things like table manners and appropriate dress are called

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morels.

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multiculturalism is a point of view that encourages

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tolerance for diverse groups.

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in the ____ perspective, socialization is a powerful, effective means of legitimating social inequalities.

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conflict.

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the ordered relationships and patterens expectations that guide social interaction are called

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social structure.

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a ____ status dominates all other statuses.

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master.

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from a sociological veiwpoint, deviance and conformity are best approached

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in proscriptive terms.

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social ____ occurs when whole categories of ppl are differentially ranked in terms of thier access to scarce resources.

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stratification.

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modernization theory primarily emphasizes the critical role of _____ in the development of a low-income or third world nation.

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technology.

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the majority of the cases of HIV/AIDS in the world are in

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africa.

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which theory claims that gender roles provide a "natural" division of labor for men and women?

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functionalist

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allowing ppl to die with dignity, surrounded with emotional support and with access to painrelieving drugs characterizes____.

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euthanasia.

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which of these stages is not included among the five stages of dying given to us by Kubler-Ross?

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the acute phase

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in the united states we trace our ancestors through our fathers' and mothers' lines. this is called

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dual-ancestral claim.

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the phase "the sandwich generation" refers to

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middle-aged ppl who must support both their children and thier aging parents.

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the spread of technology and modernization leads to the inevitable decline of religion according to the ____ thesis.

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secularization

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____ is the hallmark of a capitalist economy.

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private ownership

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demographers focus on all of the following, except

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media.

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the world's population currently stands at over

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6 billion.

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Karl Marx

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Believed the conflict between the HAVES AND THE HAVE NOTS was intrinsic to societies; these ideas about natural conflict provided the basis for the conflict perspective in sociology.

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William E.B. DuBois

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Considered the founder of “Afro-American sociology” and the NAACP; theories and research helped to empower African-Americans achieve social justice and equality.

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C. Wright Mills

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Best known for showing how The Power Elite (top leaders of business, politics, and the military) were dominant in shaping decisions for the benefit of the wealthy and powerful.

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Emile Durkheim

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Frenchman who is largely credited with establishing some of the methods of doing social research in his classic work, Suicide, in 1897. Also contributed significantly to the functionalist perspective in sociology through writings on social structure and social solidarity.

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Auguste Comte

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Considered the main founder of sociology; proposed sociologists would become “the high priests of positivism,” guiding the improvement of society toward a “positive state.”

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George Herbert Mead

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Best known for contributions to the interactionist perspective; showed how social interaction is possible and meanings are established through the use of important symbols.

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Herbert Spencer

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Developed a theory of society based on the ideas of evolution and “survival of the fittest” that came to be known as “social Darwinism.”

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Max Weber

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Multi-talented German who contributed to the understanding social interaction and of “ideal types;” also made major academic contributions in the area of formal organizations and bureaucracies.

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Charles Cooley

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Outlined impression management, or how people use social interaction to make a favorable impression on others.

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Erving Goffman

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Studied the strength of the bonds an individual has with society in order to understand the effectiveness of inner controls. Known for social bond theory.

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George Ritzer

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Author of the book, McDonaldization of Society, in which s/he showed how numerous businesses are following this fast-food model of standardization.

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Herbert Gans

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Argued that poverty could actually be functional and beneficial, especially for those who make a living assisting the poor.

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Friedrich Engels

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Colleague of Karl Marx, who wrote a book indicating men and women were in a more egalitarian relationship before the rise of capitalism and the emphasis on private property.

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Margaret Mead

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Anthropologist who found gender roles in other cultures varied dramatically from the United States and western Europe.

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Talcott Parsons

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An economist and sociologist who was the American founder of the structural functionalist perspective in sociology.

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Thomas Malthus

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Wrote at the end of the 18th century about population growth; the main checks on population would be war, famine, and disease.

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Ferdinand Toennies

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Showed how intimate communities (Gemeinschaft) were being changed to impersonal societies (Gesellschaft), predominantly as a result of industrialization and growth of cities.

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Elizabeth Kubler-Ross

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Insisted that death was not an act, but a process of going through several stages of grief: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and in some cases, acceptance.

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Maggie Kuhn

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The founder of the Grey Panthers, an organization with the goal of eliminating ageism in all its forms; criticized the media for portraying the elderly as senile, useless and sexless.

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Simon LaVey

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Neuroscientist whose controversial research supports the thesis that the brains of gay men are physiologically different than heterosexual men.

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Coercive

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___ organizations are those people are forced to join

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power

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In the United States , there is a widely shared sentiment called the ideology of personal ___. It holds that people are free to make independent decisions free of social constraints.

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system

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For the Functionalist, a breakdown in socialization ultimately leads to a breakdown in the social ___.

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responsibility

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In the conflict perspective, the criminal justice system is seen as reinforcing social inequality and defining deviance as any behavior that threatens those who hold ___.

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proletariat

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The universal tendency of people to evaluate others through the lens of their own culture is called ___.

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classes

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For Marx, the most important processes of social change involved conflict between social ___.

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ethnocentrism

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In the Marxist view, the “have-nots” of capitalist societies are called ___.

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segregation

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People acquire prejudices through the process of ___.

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observers refute that myth of the American "melting pot," pointing out that immigrants, on the whole, have been expected to conform to the dominant Anglo-American culture.

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true.

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Deviance and conformity are absolute terms to sociologists.

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true.