Sensation And Perception Chpt 3

Front 1

You can create a version of the ________ by illuminating a light-colored surface with a desk lamp and casting a shadow with a piece of paper.

Back 1

Mach bands

Front 2

The Nobel Prize winners who conducted the pioneering research on the physiology of striate cortex neurons were

Back 2

Hubel and Wiesel.

Front 3

Hartline et al. (1956) selected the Limulus to demonstrate lateral inhibition because

Back 3

it was possible to illuminate a single receptor without illuminating its adjacent receptor.

Front 4

Most of the signals travel from the retina to the ______ via the optic nerve.

Back 4

lateral geniculate nucleus

Front 5

The difference in intensity between the light bars and the dark bars is called

Back 5

Contrast

Front 6

In the simultaneous contrast effect, gray squares of equal intensities are surrounding by either a dark background or a lighter background. The square on the dark background looks _______ than the square on the lighter background.

Back 6

lighter

Front 7

As we travel farther from the retina, neurons fire to

Back 7

more complex stimuli

Front 8

“Grandmother cells” are mostly closely associated with _______ coding.

Back 8

specificity

Front 9

“How do physiological responses transform into perceptual experiences?” summarizes the

Back 9

hard problem of consciousness

Front 10

The different types of cortical cells are also called

Back 10

feature dectectors

Front 11

The area on the retina that influences the firing rate of the neuron is called the

Back 11

receptive field

Front 12

A stimulus that contains alternating black and white bars is called a

Back 12

grating

Front 13

In Hermann’s grid, gray areas appear at the intersections because

Back 13

the amount of inhibition right at the intersections is twice as great as the inhibition between each square.

Front 14

Unlike simple cells, complex cells respond best to

Back 14

moving stimuli

Front 15

From which direction does the LGN receive the majority of its input?

Back 15

the cortex

Front 16

Graphing the response of a simple cortical cell results in the

Back 16

orientation tuning curve.

Front 17

White’s illusion is an example of a perceptual effect that can be explained by the principle of

Back 17

belongingness

Front 18

The gray intersections in the Hermann Grid

Back 18

support the claim that “perception is not the same as the physical stimulus.”

Front 19

A neuron with an excitatory center- inhibitory surround receptive field will respond most when we stimulate

Back 19

only the center

Front 20

An advantage of ___________coding of visual object representation is that a large number of stimuli can be signaled by a few neurons.

Back 20

distributed

Front 21

When a kitten is exposed to an environment of just horizontal lines, the kitten

Back 21

would have cortical cells that respond to horizontal lines, but none to vertical lines.

Front 22

In Mach bands, the darker area sends _____ lateral inhibition to the lighter area than the lighter area sends to the darker area.

Back 22

less

Front 23

Neurons in the LGN have __________ receptive fields.

Back 23

center-surround

Front 24

To measure _________, the experimenter decreases the intensity difference between the light bars and the dark bars until an observer can just barely detect the difference between the dark bars and the light bars.

Back 24

contrast threshold