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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Sensation and Perception work together to create the conscious experience of the world.
Define Sensation and Perception |
Sensation- Input about the physical world
Perception- interpretation and organization of input |
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Sensory Receptors
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Specialized cells convert physical energy into neural impulses
ie light and sound |
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Sensory Thresholds
Absolute v Difference |
Absolute- Smallest amount of a stimulus we can detect 50% of the time
Difference- Amount which two stimuli must differ to be noticeably different |
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Sensory Stimuli Types
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Light- vision
Heat- tactile Pressure- tactile Chemical - tactile, olfactory, gustatory |
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Subliminal Perception Definition
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Presumed ability to perceive a stimulus that is below the threshold for conscious experience
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Subliminal Perception Facts
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May alter subsequent emotional processing
Negative stimuli are easier to detect because of survival instincts repeated exposure can enhance effects |
effects
negative repeated exposure |
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A key function of our sensory systems is to detect change within the sensory environment
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Fact
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Sensory Adaptation Definition
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Reduced sensitivity to a constant sensory stimuli
*except vision* |
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Vision works because...
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external light falls on receptors within the eye to generate the visual message
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Parts of the Eye and their Purposes
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Retina
-rods- light sensitive -cones- detect colors Optic Nerve- carries information Blind Spot- where to optic nerve is there is no rods or cones |
Retina
-rods -cones Optic Nerve Blind Spot |
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What are the Differences in the Color Vision Theories?
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-Opponent Process Theory-
There are 6 types of neurons and each is stimulated or inhibited by different colors. *higher brain level* -Trichromatic Theory- There are 3 types of cones: red, green and blue *receptor level* |
Opponent Process Theory
Trichromatic Theory |
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Parts of the Ear and their Purposes
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Pinna - external ear; funnels sound
Tympanic Membrane (eardrum) - moves in response to sound waves Ossicles Bones- transmit and amplify the motion of the eardrum (malleus, incus, stapes) Cochela- has hair cells attached to membrane |
Pinna
Tympanic Membrane Ossicles Bones Cochela |
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Bone Conduction Definition
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Sound is transmitted to the cochlea through contact with skull bones
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Why your voice sounds different when you talk vs. when you hear it recorded
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Touch and Other Skin Senses can Sense What? and to What Degree?
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heat/cold, pressure, pain
Sensitivity varies throughout the body based on how much of the braid is devoted to each section |
3 things
Varies |
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Why is Pain Important?
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It helps us to survive by motivating us to protect our body, by tending to injuries, resting and seeking help
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What are the 2 Types of Pain?
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-Quick and Sharp-
uses large milinated nerve fibers -Dull Throbbing Pain- Small unmilinated nerve fibers |
Paper Cut v Stubbed Toe
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Explain Gate Theory
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There is a place on the spinal cord where fast-conducting nerve fibers can block the message of small slow conducting fibers
-suggests that humans can block pain even when severely injured -explains why the badly injured may not notice an injury |
Shutting the Gates
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Methods Used to Counteract Pain
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Hypnosis
Belief- Placebo Mood Culture |
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What are the Chemical Senses?
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Smell and Taste
(Memory Triggers) |
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Describe Olfaction
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Sensing Chemical Molecues using rods embedded in the olfactory epithelium
Sensitivity Varies Greatly |
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What different attributes can be Tasted?
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Bitter, Sour, Salty, Sweet
+MSG (savory - chinese food) most of what we consider "taste" is actually smell |
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What are the Body Senses?
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Kinesthetic and Vestibular
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What is the Kinesthetic Sense?
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Knowledge of the position of body parts
Driven by receptors in muscles, joints and ligaments |
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What is the Vestibular Sense Do?
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Balance
Acceleration (not motion > motion sickness) Involves the semicircluar canals of the ears and the vestibular sacs (liquid in ears) |
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What is the Perceptual Process?
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Organization - collection of info into a pattern
Interpretation - understanding Selection - choosing which of many stimuli will be processed |
Organization
Interpretation Selection |
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What is the cocktail party phenomenon?
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When you hear your name across a crowed room.
Associated with the selection stage of perception |
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What is an illusion?
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When perception fails revealing information about the visual system
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