Sci - Orthotics

Front 1

4 reasons to use orthotics

Back 1

Positioning
Stability
Assistnace
Tone reduction

Front 2

Why use metal vs. plastic orthotic?

Back 2

Metal: adjustment for growth, minimal body contact (skin), control tone
Plastic: lighter, interchange shoes, more total contact for a lot of corrective forces

Front 3

When to use laminated plastic and metal orthotic?

Back 3

When max control needed
Permits interchangeability btw shoes

Front 4

Where does orthotic stability occur?

Back 4

Where wt line falls thru foot
Knee and ankle = ANT
Hip = POS

Front 5

What is a UCB-ST orthotic?

Back 5

sub-malleolar orthotic that controls position of heel, midfoot, and forefoot

Front 6

What type of AFOs are there?

Back 6

Free Dorsi
Dorsi stop
Dorsi assist
Free plantar
Plantar stop
Plantar assist
Solid
Free motion
Basically free, stops, and assists for either DF or PF

Front 7

What is a Prefabricated Graphite AFO?

Back 7

Durable dynamic device that fits into shoe
Has a little give

Front 8

Why use a free motion AFO?

Back 8

M-L stability
May affect other LE rotations indirectly (ie. valgus at knee)

Front 9

What is the purpose of the DF assist AFO?

Back 9

Assist with toe clearance
Slows foot flat from IC to MSt
Encourages tibial advancement

Front 10

Articulating vs. non-articulating DF assist AFO?

Back 10

Non-articulating resists DF after midstance - use for someone who can not use PFs to resist excessive tibial advancement as this will cause knee buckling

Front 11

Effect of DF assist AFO on the knee?

Back 11

Causes flexion from IC
Destabilizes knee

Front 12

When should you not use a DF assist AFO?

Back 12

Spasticity
Limited PF or KE or HE strength which is needed to slow down DF

Front 13

What is the fxt of PF STOP AFOs?

Back 13

Hold toes up during swing phase (limited DF strength)
Control recurvatum
Reduce toe walking
Allows free DF - so must have PF strength
Tibia must rotate over foot to get foot flat b/c you can't PF

Front 14

What is the fxt of DF STOP AFOs?

Back 14

Stops tibial advancement (weak PFs) so effective from MidSt to PreSwing

Front 15

Effect of DF STOP AFO on the knee?

Back 15

Prevents knee buckling and forces extension
Used to stabilize knee with weak quads

Front 16

When should you never use a DF stop AFO?

Back 16

Genu Recurvatum

Front 17

Fxt of solid ankle AFO?

Back 17

Limits DF and PF
Stabilizes weak ankle/knee
Can be used with mild/moderate spasticity

Front 18

Effect of solid ankle AFO on knee?

Back 18

Destabilizes knee form heel strike to to foot flat
Stabilizes knee from foot flat to toe off

Front 19

What is a floor reaction AFO?

Back 19

Solid ankle AFO with anterior padded shell that puts the extensor force closer to the knee (very weak knee extensors)

Front 20

Fxt of floor reaction AFO?

Back 20

Limits DF/PF
Stabilizes flacid ankle/knee
Used wiht crouch gait pattern to force extension
Is effective from Mst to toe off

Front 21

Why use a patellar tendon bearing orthosis (PTBO)

Back 21

Reduces WB forces to heel and midfoot after tibial fracture

Front 22

What is a Posterior Offset knee orthosis?

Back 22

Hinge located POS to knee jt - Extends the knee and provides great stability during early stance and allows the knee to flex during swing phase

Front 23

What is a bail lock KAFO?

Back 23

Bail lock posterior to knee that can unlock by pulling the bail up
Can go from full flexion to a locked extension range

Front 24

What is a step lock KAFO?

Back 24

Ratchet lock that can allow locking at a certain degree of extension

Front 25

Wht is a swing phase ocntrol knee orthosis?

Back 25

Extension spring bias that provides extension aid
Adjustable spring tension

Front 26

What is a swing phase lock knee orthosis?

Back 26

Automatic lock mechanism at end of swing phase that unlocks at heel off
Position dependent - not load

Front 27

Benefit of polycentric dual axis joint component KAFO?

Back 27

MOre closely tracks knee motion

Front 28

Differene between drop locks and posterior offset KAFOs?

Back 28

Drop locks - Locked in full EXT, can release it manually
Pos offset - full FLEX to stable full EXT w/out lock. Permits walkin with bendable knee and stable at full EXT

Front 29

Benefits of Step lock KAFO?

Back 29

Effective for maintaining stretching
Accommodates increased ROM

Front 30

Difference btw drop lock and bail lock?

Back 30

Drop locks require release of 2 locks
Bail lock requires release of 1 lock (one handed release is easier)

Front 31

What type of gait pattern is used with drop and bail locks? Posterior offset?

Back 31

Straight leg gait pattern
Pos offset - nomral swing that locks into EXT in swing - need stable ankle

Front 32

What is an OOS KAFO?

Back 32

Used to control ankle and foot rotation with knee position

Front 33

What is a Reciprocating Gait Orthosis? HKAFO

Back 33

Uses trunk motions to advance limbs

Front 34

What is a SWASH hip orthosis?

Back 34

Standing, Walking, and sitting hip orthosis
Posterior joints with thigh cuffs

Front 35

What is a Scottish Rite Orthosis?

Back 35

Pelvic band, thigh cuffs, and ABD control joints
Used with Legg Perthes dx (avascular necrosis femoral head)

Front 36

What is a hi ABD/Hip Spica orthosis?

Back 36

Keeps hips positioned for femoral head coverage
Used post surgery

Front 37

What orthoses would you consider for knee buckling? (weak quads)

Back 37

PF assist AFO
DF stop AFO
Floor reaction AFO
Pos offset KAFO
KAFO w/ locking knee
Weight activated lock

Front 38

What orthoses would you consider for knee valgus/varus?

Back 38

KAFO with free knee or free AFO if ankle is the cause

Front 39

What orthoses would you consider for genu recurvatum?

Back 39

PF stop AFO
Solid AFO in DF w/ weak quads
KAFO w/ EXT stop (may destabilize knee)

Front 40

When would you use a KAFO w/ drop or bail locks?

Back 40

When full knee stability is necessary

Front 41

What is a chairback LSO?

Back 41

igid posterior frame to prevent EXT

Front 42

What is a Bi-Modular Cybertech LSO?

Back 42

Brace used post-op after fx that offers low resistance closure
Presses on the abdomen to inc stability

Front 43

What is a C.A.S.H orthosis?

Back 43

TLSO used after ANT compression fx's
Prevents forward flexion

Front 44

When to use a WHFO?

Back 44

For tenodesis grasp

Front 45

When to use a WHO?

Back 45

Carpal tunnel, wrist gauntlet

Front 46

When to use a body jacket?

Back 46

TLSO for max stabilization
Burst fx

Front 47

What is a jewett brace good at limiting?

Back 47

ANT flexion and lateral flexion

Front 48

Difference btw posterior leaf spring and spring assist AFOs?

Back 48

Pos leaf provides DF assist from a plastic insert that can bend backward slightly during early stance. It rebounds and prevents drop foot during swing phase
Spring assist uses a coil spring to provide the rebound during swing phase

Front 49

What is a T-strap? How does it work to control pronation at the ankle?

Back 49

Sewn to the medial portion of the shoe upper near the sole and buckles around the lateral upright

Front 50

What is the three point pressure system?

Back 50

One point of pressure resists the movt you want to avoid
Other two poitns are proximal and distal on the otehr side to anchor it