Research Methods Exam 2

Front 1

when it is logically determined that one factor demonstrates a predicatble influence on another, a __ exists

Back 1

cuase and effect relationship

Front 2

the aim of a -- is to generalize the relationships to other conditions and situations outside of the experienment

Back 2

cause and effect relationship

Front 3

the variable that is manipulated (training technique, weightloss intervention)

Back 3

independent variable

Front 4

the variable that is measured (aerobic capacity, power, flexibilty)

Back 4

dependent variable

Front 5

the extent to which the research condition is controlled so that the indpendent variable cuases an effect in the dependent variable

Back 5

interval validity

Front 6

strong __ in experimental design strengthen internal validity

Back 6

controls

Front 7

states that when observed, subjects work harder

Back 7

hawthorne effect

Front 8

states that researchers have an expectaion about the performance of the subjects

Back 8

halo effect

Front 9

states that mere participation elicits effects apart from the independent variable

Back 9

placebo effect

Front 10

caused by subjects dropping out of a study

Back 10

experimental mortality

Front 11

threats to internal validity (4)

Back 11

maturation, hisotry, testing, instrument accuracy

Front 12

the generalizability or potential for applying results of a study to other conditions or settings

Back 12

external validity

Front 13

threats to external validity (3)

Back 13

reactive effects of pre-testing, articial natural of experimental condition, multiple test interference

Front 14

controls for internal and external validity (3)

Back 14

randomize reslection, control groups, blinded/double blind

Front 15

true experimental designs need (3)

Back 15

randomization of subjects, control group, introduction of independent variable

Front 16

QUASI experimental design needs (2)

Back 16

control groups, introduction of independent variable

Front 17

pre-experimental design needs (1)

Back 17

introduction of independent variable

Front 18

used when the manipulation of an independent variable is not practical, possible, or ethical

Back 18

non experimental desings

Front 19

characterized by obersvations, or descripton of a situation

Back 19

non-experimental

Front 20

broad based information gathering procedure that is desinged to measure practices, opinions, behaviors, etc.

Back 20

survey research

Front 21

2 majro limitations of survey research

Back 21

self-reporting behaviors, practices

Front 22

in a survey, informed consent is __

Back 22

implied

Front 23

study of diseases

Back 23

epidemiological research

Front 24

uses old data to answer present questions or test new hypothesis

Back 24

ex post facto

Front 25

examins studies that tested the same variable and combining them to form a larger sample size...calculate effect size

Back 25

meta analysis

Front 26

Sub-sections of the methods section (4)

Back 26

subjects, experimental design, data collection, statistical analysis

Front 27

parts of the subjects section (4)

Back 27

inclusion/exclusion criteria, source, sampling technique, informed consent statement

Front 28

number that name something: uniform #23; I-80

Back 28

nominal

Front 29

numbers that rank, show direction or difference: 1rst vs 12th in teh big ten

Back 29

ordinal

Front 30

a number in which a whole number is used (it wouldn't make sense to use a decimal) e.g. number of people

Back 30

absolute

Front 31

a number whos properties are like ordinal + equality of intervals e.g temperature. (arbitrary zero may exist but this doesn't mean that the value is absent. there can't be NO TEMPERATURE, but the temp can be zero)

Back 31

interval

Front 32

has properties of an interval number + absolute zero point (absence of the trait that teh scale is measuring) which allows us to make valid comparisions between measurments

Back 32

ratio

Front 33

stats where data are interval or ration scale and teh populations from which observations are made are normally distributed (precision is limited only by the sensitivity of teh instrument being used)

Back 33

parametric stats

Front 34

stats where data are nomial or ordinal, or when data are thought not to be normally distributed

Back 34

nonparametric stats

Front 35

absolute data can be present in both __ and __ stats

Back 35

parametric, nonparametric

Front 36

statistical reference point that is slected in order to accept or reject your hypothesis; defines the probabilty of an event in question occurring often vs rarely due to chance

Back 36

P value

Front 37

if your t or r value lies within the 95% you __

Back 37

accept the null hypothesis

Front 38

if your t or r value lies above or below the 95% you __

Back 38

accept the alternative hypothesis

Front 39

__ varience within groups increases statistical power

Back 39

low

Front 40

t or F = __

Back 40

variance between groups/variance within groups

Front 41

the number of varalbes that are free to vary in size

Back 41

degrees of freedom

Front 42

statistical test: compare two mean scores that are related (pre-post typically)...where intragropu variance is low (because they are the same subjects)

Back 42

correlated dependent t test

Front 43

statistical test: means from two separate groups are compared (different people in each group) ie comparing body fat between football players and wrestlers

Back 43

independent t Test

Front 44

statistical test: compares three or more means; compares the effects of one indpendent variable on one dependent variable

Back 44

one way ANOVA

Front 45

why do you need to do an ANOVA wen comparing 3 or more means instead of multiple t tests?

Back 45

vilates alpha (p<0.05), you would have to take .05 to the third power

Front 46

statistical test: compares the effects of two independent variables on one dependent variable (intervention with a control group - pre/post)

Back 46

two way ANOVA

Front 47

statistical test: uses 3+ different IV's on one DV ie PAP, stretching, and pre-drink on Peak anaeorbic power

Back 47

factorial ANOVA

Front 48

tells you which groups were actually different once a F values is calculated

Back 48

post-hoc

Front 49

statistic to measure the strngth of a relationship between two varialbes

Back 49

pearson correlation

Front 50

correlation values (r) can range from __

Back 50

-1.0 - +1.0