Abnormal Psychology Exam 2

Front 1

why was classification started?

Back 1

because of the need to collect information

Front 2

in the 1840 census had 1 category: __

Back 2

idiocy

Front 3

the categories of mental illness jumped from __-__ by 1880

Back 3

1-7

Front 4

there are over __ categories of mental illness today

Back 4

370

Front 5

the first version of the DSM cam out following __ because __

Back 5

WWII, they had to have new diagnostic categories due to psychological problems of war

Front 6

the DSM I was published in __

Back 6

1952

Front 7

the DSM II was published in __

Back 7

1968

Front 8

the DSM III was published in __

Back 8

1987

Front 9

the DSM IV was published in __

Back 9

1994

Front 10

the DSM IV TR was published in __

Back 10

2000

Front 11

the DSM revision process has __ steps

Back 11

3

Front 12

the 3 step process for DSM revision

Back 12

1. comprehensive and systematic review of all published literature for each diagnostic category
2. data re-analysis
3. field trials

Front 13

during the DSM revision process, a comprehensive and systematic review of all published literature for each diagnostic category is done to __

Back 13

identify the most important issues

Front 14

data re-analysis is used __

Back 14

whenever there isn't enough evidence to resolve and issue

Front 15

field trials are used to __

Back 15

see if revisions could be used

Front 16

if 2 psychologists can come up with the same diagnosis

Back 16

inter-related reliability

Front 17

the 6 important factors of diagnosis (6)

Back 17

-allows us to make important distictions between forces of mental illness
-can be used by any clinitian regarldless of theoretical orientation
-facilitates research
-can examine etiology of disorder
-includes treatment recomendations
-finincial concerns associated with that diagnosis (who pays and how much)

Front 18

the DSM IV is in a __ format

Back 18

multiaxial

Front 19

axis 1 of the DSM VI is the __

Back 19

diagnosis you give the individual based on they syptoms they report during the first session

Front 20

axis 2 of the DSM VI is __

Back 20

reserved for chronic disorders; much more resisitant to treatment

Front 21

axis III of the DSM IV is __

Back 21

any physical conditions that is part of diagnosis (loss of arm, altzheimers)

Front 22

axis IV of the DSM IV is __

Back 22

psychosocial stressor (anything in a persons life taht might contribute to a disorder)

Front 23

axis V of the DSM IV is __

Back 23

globel assesment of funcitoning (GAF)

Front 24

GAF ranges from __

Back 24

0-100

Front 25

in GAF, the __ the number teh __ your current level of functioning

Back 25

higher, higher

Front 26

the DSM IV diagnoses on 5 axis to __

Back 26

give clinitians the broadest view of diagnosis

Front 27

2 major criteria that guided the DSM IV

Back 27

-specific diagnostic criteria
-characteristics of each diagnosis described in detail

Front 28

characteristics of each diagnosis according to the DSM IV (5)

Back 28

-essential features of the disorder
-associated features
-average age of onset
-prevelance rates
-familial pattern

Front 29

the DSM V is trying to __ the number of axis

Back 29

reduce

Front 30

the DSM is trying to combine __ and __

Back 30

psychosocial and environmental problems

Front 31

the DSM V is trying to include ___

Back 31

specific rating scales for each disorder

Front 32

critisims of the DSM (4):

Back 32

-most diagnostic categories are vague
-continuous vs categorical (implies you must have certain # of symptoms)
-categories based on prototypes
-comorbidity

Front 33

when an individual recieves 2 diagnosis

Back 33

comorbidity

Front 34

mood disorders affect what general areas:

Back 34

-affective (emotions)
-cognitive
-behavioral
-physical

Front 35

what are the 3 types of mood disorders according to the DSM IV?

Back 35

-MDD
-Dysthymia
bipolar disorder

Front 36

what symptoms must be present in order for MDD to be diagnosed?

Back 36

-depressed or unhappy for most of teh day nearly every day for 2 weeks
-loss of interest or pleasure in most activities

Front 37

what might you see in diagnosis of MDD?

Back 37

suicidal idiation

Front 38

you must see 5 or more of the following to diagnose someone with MDD

Back 38

-significat weight loss or gain
-too much/little sleep
-fatigue
-feelings of worthlessness or guilt
-diminished ability to think

Front 39

in order to diagnose dysthymia you must be depressed for most of teh day for at least __

Back 39

2 years

Front 40

dysthymia is __ pronounced as MDD

Back 40

less

Front 41

in order to diagnose dysthymia you must see __ of the following:
-poor/too much appetite
-insominia
-low energy
-hopelessness

Back 41

2

Front 42

__% of people have "true depression"

Back 42

45

Front 43

__% of people met criteria for depression plus another disorder

Back 43

55

Front 44

bipolar disorder used to be called __

Back 44

manic-depressive disorder

Front 45

bipolar disorder first appeared in __

Back 45

1970

Front 46

the symptoms you must see for teh depressed state of bipolar disorder are __

Back 46

the same as depression

Front 47

to diagnose the manic stage of bipolar disorder you must see at least __ of symptoms

Back 47

3

Front 48

symptoms that you must see to diagnose manic bipolar disorder (4)

Back 48

-inflated self esteem
-decreased need for sleep
-press of speech (keeps talking)
-flight of ideas

Front 49

people have proposed to change MDD from __ to __ in teh DSM 5

Back 49

single episode, recurrent

Front 50

what additions will be put in the DSM 5

Back 50

-mixed anxiety depressive disorder
-disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
-premenstral mood disorder

Front 51

depression has __ onset

Back 51

early

Front 52

the age of onset for depression is __ every generation

Back 52

earlier

Front 53

the __ for young girls is causing earlier onset of depression

Back 53

dating situation

Front 54

duration for depression __, most resolve witin __

Back 54

varies, 5-6 months

Front 55

people with depression should expect at least __ more episodes withing thier lives

Back 55

4-5

Front 56

depression make up approximatly __% of all mood disorders

Back 56

16-20

Front 57

depression is consistant for both boys and girls until __

Back 57

adolescents

Front 58

depression usually appears in __ year olds

Back 58

18-19

Front 59

after adolescence, rates __ for women

Back 59

double

Front 60

__ causes higher rates of depression in women rather than men

Back 60

differences in sex roles

Front 61

depression __

Back 61

runs in families

Front 62

the herritabiltiy rate of depression is __

Back 62

37%

Front 63

if 1 twin is diagnosed with bipolar thatn teh other has a __% chance of having it

Back 63

50

Front 64

the chance you have bipolar drops to __% if you are fraternal twins

Back 64

20%

Front 65

what 3 neurotansmitters are associated with MDD?

Back 65

-norepinepherine
-serotonin
-dopamine

Front 66

MDD was thought to be cause by changes in the __ of neurotransmitters. this is __

Back 66

"absolute values", NOT TRUE

Front 67

Depression (in terms of neurotransmitters) is really casued by __

Back 67

NT dysregulation

Front 68

what are the aspects of social and psychological factors of MDD?

Back 68

-stressful life events
-cognitive theories
-hoplessness theory
-rumination theory

Front 69

what are the 3 parts of the stressful life events that contribute to MDD

Back 69

-diathesis stress model
-lack of social support
-high expressed emotion

Front 70

families that are constantly yelling and emotional have a high level of __

Back 70

expressed emotions

Front 71

people who are depressed __ differently

Back 71

think

Front 72

leading researcher in the cognitive theories of depression

Back 72

aaron beck

Front 73

aaron beck theorized that depression was based on __, __, and __

Back 73

negative triad, negative schema, and cognitive biases

Front 74

what is aaron becks negative triad about?

Back 74

the negative thoughts people have about about THEMSELVES, THE WORLD, AND THE FUTURE

Front 75

a way of looking at the world negatively

Back 75

negative schematas

Front 76

developed due to negative schematas (people tend to distort info, focus on failures, and have faulty beilief)

Back 76

cognitive biases

Front 77

when people feel hopless it becomes a trigger for depression

Back 77

hoplessness theory

Front 78

what are the 2 parts of the hopelessness theory?

Back 78

1. the individual believes the desired outcome WILL NOT occur
2. the individual doesn't believe they can chage the situation

Front 79

in teh hoplessness theory, people can make 2 attribution (explanations)

Back 79

1. stable vs unstable
2. global vs specific

Front 80

stable vs unstable =

Back 80

perminate vs temporary situation

Front 81

global vs specific =

Back 81

affects many domains of life vs affects specific situation

Front 82

according to this theory, depressed people tend to replay negative situations in their head

Back 82

rumination theory

Front 83

__ especially causes depression in adolescent girls because they dwell on issues

Back 83

rumination

Front 84

bipolar disorder has a heritability estimate of __%

Back 84

93

Front 85

what disproved the theory that mood disorders were due to imbalances in "absolue leves" of NT in the synaptic cleft?

Back 85

antidepressent and metabolic studies

Front 86

a personality trait that involves the tendancy to react to events with greater than average negative affect

Back 86

neuroticism

Front 87

in the DSM 5, axis I-III will be combined into __

Back 87

psychiatirc and medical diagnosis

Front 88

in the DSM 5, axis IV will be converted to __

Back 88

psychosocial and environmental problesm

Front 89

in the DSM 5, axis V will be changed to __

Back 89

specific rating scales for each disorder

Front 90

countries like nigeria, india and columbia are more likely to have __ than industrialized nations like the US

Back 90

schizophrenia

Front 91

people who __ are less likely to have mental illness

Back 91

immigrate

Front 92

why was the reiliability for diagnosis before teh DSM III low?

Back 92

because the criteria was unclear

Front 93

why is reliability of the DSM low?

Back 93

becuase clinitians can interpret symptoms differently

Front 94

rates of bipolar disorder are higher in __ than anywhere else

Back 94

the US

Front 95

1 major critisims of the DSM is that there are too many __

Back 95

diagnosis