Psychology 101 Chapter 3

Front 1

"synesthesia"

Back 1

"disorder where signals from multiple senses are processed in wrong cortical area"

Front 2

"sensation"

Back 2

"process where receptors in sensory organ is activated-allows stimuli to become neural signals in brain"

Front 3

"transduction"

Back 3

"converts outside stimuli

Front 4

"JND / diff. Threshold"

Back 4

"smallest difference in stimuli noticable 50% of time"

Front 5

"absolute threshold"

Back 5

"lowest level of stimulation that one can detect consciously 50% of time "

Front 6

"habituation"

Back 6

"tendency of brain to ignore constant info (hearing i.e. AC)"

Front 7

"sensory adaptation"

Back 7

"tendency of sense receptors to become less responsive to constant (taste

Front 8

"visual accomodation"

Back 8

"change in thickness of lens as focus changes from close to far"

Front 9

"rods"

Back 9

"visual receptors in back of retina ‚ non color low light"

Front 10

"cones"

Back 10

"visual receptors in back of retina ‚ color vison/sharpness"

Front 11

"blind spot"

Back 11

"area in retina where axons exit eye to form optic nerve ‚ insensitive to light"

Front 12

"dark adaptation"

Back 12

"recovery of eyes in darkness ~30"

Front 13

"light adaptation"

Back 13

"recovers of eyes in light ‚ much quicker"

Front 14

"trichromatic theory"

Back 14

"theory of color vision R G B"

Front 15

"Opponent-process theory"

Back 15

"theory of color vision 4 colors in pairs ‚ RG

Front 16

"hertz"

Back 16

"waves per second"

Front 17

"pinna"

Back 17

"visible part of ear"

Front 18

"auditory canal"

Back 18

"tunnel from pinna to eardrum"

Front 19

"cochlea"

Back 19

"snail shaped structure inner ear ‚ liquid filled"

Front 20

"auditory nerve"

Back 20

"bundle of axons from hair cells in inner ear"

Front 21

"pitch"

Back 21

"higher frequency (hz) highter pitch"

Front 22

"place theory"

Back 22

"diff. Pitches are received by diff. Hair cells in corti HIGH FREQUENCIES"

Front 23

"frequency theory"

Back 23

"speed of vibrations in basilar membrane LOW FREQUENCIES"

Front 24

"volley principle"

Back 24

"frequencies about 100 Hz causes hair cells to fire in volley ex 300hz = 3 groups x 100hz "

Front 25

"gustation"

Back 25

"the sensation of taste"

Front 26

"olfaction (olfactory sense)"

Back 26

"sensation of smell"

Front 27

"olfactory bulbs"

Back 27

"areas of brain above sinus cavity/below frontal lobes ‚ receives info from receptors"

Front 28

"somesthetic senses"

Back 28

"body senses consist of: skin senses

Back 29

"-skin senses: sensations of touch

Back 30

"-kinesthetic senses: sense of location of body parts in relation to each other / ground"

Back 31

"-vestibular senses: sensations of movement

Front 32

"sensory conflict theory"

Back 32

"explanation for motion sickness where info from eyes differs from that of vestibular"

Front 33

"perception"

Back 33

"how sensations are organized/interpreted"

Front 34

"size constancy"

Back 34

"tendency to see an object as same size

Front 35

"shape constancy"

Back 35

"tendency to interpret shape of object as constant even when shape changes on retina"

Front 36

"brightness constancy"

Back 36

"T to P apparent brightness of object as same even when light changes"

Front 37

"Figure-ground"

Back 37

"T to P objects as existing on BG."

Front 38

"reversible figures"

Back 38

"visual illusion"

Front 39

"proximity"

Back 39

"T to P objects that are close as part of the same grouping"

Front 40

"similarity"

Back 40

"T to P things that look similar as part of the same group"

Front 41

"closure"

Back 41

"tendency to close figures- that are incomplete"

Front 42

"continuity"

Back 42

"T to P things as simply as possible w/ continuous pattern vs complex"

Front 43

"contignuity"

Back 43

"T to P 2 things that happen in close time to be related"

Front 44

"depth perception"

Back 44

"ability to perceive world in 3-D"

Front 45

"monocular cues"

Back 45

"cues for perceiving depth with 1 eye"

Front 46

"binocular cues"

Back 46

"cues for perceiving depth with 2 eyes"

Front 47

"convergence"

Back 47

"rotation of eyes to focus on 1 object > con. For closer < con. For farther"

Front 48

"binocular disparity"

Back 48

"diff. In image for 2 eyes > closer < farther"

Front 49

"perceptual set"

Back 49

"T to P things a certain way based on previous experience"

Front 50

"Top-down processing"

Back 50

"use of pre-existing knowledge to organize individual to whole"

Front 51

"Bottom-up processing"

Back 51

"analysis of smaller features to build up to a complete perceptionl"