Psychology 101 Test 3

Front 1

personality definition.

Back 1

Stable set of desires, feelings, behaviors

Front 2

how is personality measured?

Back 2

through projective tests and structured tests.

Front 3

criteria of psychopathology?

Back 3

1) Clinically significant detriment
2) Not subject to voluntary control

Front 4

abnormality is...

Back 4

time bound
culture bound

Front 5

Taijin kyofusho definition.

Back 5

Incapacitating fear of offending or harming others through one’s own awkward social behavior

Front 6

Anorexia Nervosa definition.

Back 6

An extraordinary preoccupation with thinness and refusal to eat, sometimes to the point of death

Front 7

Four Mental disorders

Back 7

Schizophrenic
Mood
Anxiety
Personality

Front 8

Eugen Bleuler –
said...

Back 8

Schizo – “split”
Phrenum – “mind”

Front 9

Schizophrenic definition.

Back 9

Loss of contact with reality, hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thought, bizarre behavior

Front 10

Mood Definition.

Back 10

Severe affect disturbances, including major depression, mania, or both

Front 11

mood disorders...

Back 11

unipolar
bipolar

Front 12

Bipolar (Type I, 1%, Type II, 3%)

Back 12

Dramatic fluctuations between manic, depressive states

Front 13

Unipolar (10% M, 20% F)

Back 13

Signs and symptoms
- Hopelessness
- Suicidal ideation
Sleep disturbance
- Weight loss
- Libido decrease

Front 14

Cognitive Style and Depression

Back 14

1) Did I cause the negative experience? If yes, cause is internal.
2) Will cause bring about other negative experiences? If yes, cause is global.
3) Is the cause permanent or temporary? If yes, cause is stable.

Front 15

Anxiety disorders

Back 15

Disorders in which intense apprehension and worry is the main symptom

Front 16

phobia

Back 16

intense and irrational fears of a particular object or situation

Front 17

Obsessive compulsive (1-2%)

Back 17

recurrent and unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions)

Front 18

Themes of OCD

Back 18

Dirt, germs, contamination 55%
Aggressive impulses 50%
Need for symmetry 37%
Bodily concerns (e.g., health) 35%
Forbidden sexual impulses 32%

Front 19

Generalized anxiety (6%)

Back 19

continuous worry about multiple issues

Front 20

Panic (2-5%)

Back 20

sudden episodes of anxiety

Front 21

Postraumatic stress (up to 7%)

Back 21

anxiety directly and explicitly tied to a specific traumatic incident or set of incidents

Front 22

Personality disorders

Back 22

An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the culture of the individual who exhibits it

Front 23

Antisocial personality disorder

Back 23

history of antisocial acts and violation of others’ rights, with no sense of guilt

Front 24

Antisocial personality disorder
is maybe...

Back 24

Biologically based deficiency in emotional arousal?

Front 25

Hare (1965)

Back 25

1. Two groups of subjects: sociopaths and normal controls
2. Told to expect a painful electric shock after 10-minute period
3. Galvanic skin response measured (index of arousal)

Front 26

Borderline personality disorder

Back 26

characterized by emotional dysregulation, extreme "black and white" thinking, or “splitting,” and chaotic relationships

Front 27

Clinical psychology

Back 27

Field of practice and research that is directed toward helping people who suffer from psychological disorders

Front 28

Psychotherapy

Back 28

A planned, emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained healer and a sufferer

Front 29

Freudian psychoanalysis

Back 29

Suffering fueled by repressed thoughts, feelings, memories

Front 30

Social Development?

Back 30

Changing nature of relationships with others

Front 31

Studying human attachment
The Strange Situation paradigm

Back 31

Correlations with later adjustment

Front 32

Functions of play

Back 32

Skill acquisition
Self control
Education

Front 33

Freud’s tripartite psyche

Back 33

id
ego
superego

Front 34

Cognitive therapy

Back 34

Patient confronted with contradictory and maladaptive beliefs about the world

Front 35

Social Psychology

Back 35

Attempt to understand and explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others

Front 36

Power of social situation 3 ex.

Back 36

Deindividuation
Conformity
Bystander Effect

Front 37

Causal attributions—

Back 37

claim, or judgment, about the cause of someone’s behavior

Front 38

Personal attributions—

Back 38

causes of human behavior attributed to internal factors in the person

Front 39

Situational attributions—

Back 39

causes of human behavior attributed to external factors

Front 40

Person bias—

Back 40

Tendency for people to attribute behavior of others to person, not situation

Front 41

Actor-Observer discrepancy—

Back 41

Difference in how we make attributions about our own behavior, versus that of others

Front 42

Explanations for Actor-Observer Discrepancy

Back 42

-We know that our own behavior changes from situation to situation, but we don’t know that of most others
-When we watch someone else perform an action, we focus on the actor, but when we perform an action, we focus on the situation

Front 43

Cross-cultural differences—

Back 43

People in Eastern cultures make fewer person and more situation attributions

Front 44

Top-down influences—

Back 44

Prior experience influences attributions toward person or situation

Front 45

Attractiveness—

Back 45

Sad but true: Physically attractive people are given the benefit of the doubt

Front 46

Social cognition

Back 46

Thought processes through which people perceive information about themselves, and form a self-concept

Front 47

Self-fulfilling prophecies

Back 47

We see ourselves through the eyes of others

Front 48

Social Comparison

Back 48

Many judgments we make about ourselves are relative to a reference group

Front 49

Enhance views of ourselves -

Back 49

Self-serving attributions reflect tendency to attribute successes to inner qualities, failures to situation

Front 50

Stereotypes

Back 50

scheme, or organized set of knowledge or beliefs, that we carry in our heads about any group of people

Front 51

Explicit vs. implicit stereotypes

Back 51

explicit- one we are conciously aware of

implicit- unconcious. we're not mindful of them

Front 52

Cognitive dissonance

Back 52

Disconcerting emotional state occurs when there is a conflict between attitudes, or attitudes and behavior

Front 53

Social pressure

Back 53

The entire set of psychological forces that are exerted on us by others’ examples, judgments, expectations, and demands, whether real or imagined

Front 54

Social facilitation:

Back 54

presence of others helps performance of well-learned tasks

Front 55

Social interference:

Back 55

presence of others hurts performance of poorly-learned tasks

Front 56

Conformity—

Back 56

the tendency for people to bring their behavior in line with group norms

Front 57

Normative influence

Back 57

avoid rejection, gain approval

Front 58

Informational influence

Back 58

gain valuable information

Front 59

Diffusion of responsibility

Back 59

Implied reduction of personal responsibility to take action due to presence of other persons

Front 60

Deindividuation

Back 60

Reduced self-consciousness and self-restraint in social situations