Psychology 101 Chapter 2

Front 1

"nervous system"

Back 1

"a network of cells that carries info to and from all pints of body"

Front 2

"neuroscience"

Back 2

"life science deals w/ structure & functions of neurons

Front 3

"neuron"

Back 3

"specialized cell that recieves/sends messages ‚ fires in all or none fashion"

Front 4

"dendrite"

Back 4

"branches that receive messages from other neurons"

Front 5

"soma"

Back 5

"cell body of neuron"

Front 6

"axon"

Back 6

"part of cell that sends messages (tube like)"

Front 7

"glial cells"

Back 7

"gray fatty cells: provide support for neurons to grow

Front 8

"mylein"

Back 8

"fatty substances produced by glial cells that coat axons to insulate them"

Front 9

"nerves"

Back 9

"bundles of axons that ravel together throughout body"

Front 10

"resting potential"

Back 10

"state of neuron when not firing"

Front 11

"action potential"

Back 11

"release of neural impulse ‚ consists of a reversla of the elec. Charge within ion"

Front 12

"all or none"

Back 12

"neurons are either on or off ‚ never 1/2"

Front 13

"axon terminals"

Back 13

"branches at end of axon"

Front 14

"synaptic knob"

Back 14

"rounded areas at end of axon terminal"

Front 15

"synaptic vesciles"

Back 15

"sack like structure found inside synaptic knob containing chemicals"

Front 16

"neurotransmitter"

Back 16

"chamical in vescile that when released has effect on next cell"

Front 17

"synapse"

Back 17

"microscopic fluid filled space between know and dendrite of next cell"

Front 18

"receptor site"

Back 18

"holes in surface of dendrites- shaped to fit specific neurotransmitters"

Front 19

"excitory synapse"

Back 19

"synapse at which a neurotransmitter causes receiving cell to fire"

Front 20

"inhibitory synapse"

Back 20

"same as excitory but causes it to stop firing"

Front 21

"agonists"

Back 21

"mimic/enhance effect of NT on receptor site ‚ diff. Signal"

Front 22

"antagonists"

Back 22

"reduces effects of NTS ‚ no signal"

Front 23

"reputake"

Back 23

"Nts are taken back into the vescile"

Front 24

"Central Nervous System"

Back 24

"Brain and Spinal cord (CNS)"

Front 25

"spinal cord"

Back 25

"long bundle of neurons ‚ carries messages between body / brain"

Front 26

"afferent (sensory neurons)"

Back 26

"carries info from senses to CNS"

Front 27

"efferent (motor) neurons"

Back 27

"from CNS to muscles"

Front 28

"interneuron"

Back 28

"in center of spinal cord. Recieves form afferent & sends to muscles via efferent"

Front 29

"reflex arc"

Back 29

"connection of afferent to inter to efferent. Causes a reflex action"

Front 30

"neuroplasticity"

Back 30

"ability within brain to constantly change structure/function of a cell b/c of trauma"

Front 31

"stem cells"

Back 31

"special cells that can create new cells when needed"

Front 32

"peripheral NS (PNS)"

Back 32

"all nerves/neurons not in brain/spinal cord --- PNS has 2 parts Auto/Somatic. Auto has para and sympa."

Front 33

"autonomic NS"

Back 33

"division of PNS that controls all involuntary muscles"

Front 34

"sensory pathway"

Back 34

"nerves coming from senses to CNS ‚ consists of afferent neurons"

Front 35

"motor pathway"

Back 35

"nerves from CNS to voluntary muscles- all efferent neurons"

Front 36

"sympathetic division"

Back 36

"part of ANS that responds to stressful events & bodily arousal (fight or flight)"

Front 37

"parasympathetic division"

Back 37

"part of ANS that restores body to normal functions after arousal"

Front 38

"deep lesioning"

Back 38

"insertion of thin insulated wire into brain to destroy brain cells"

Front 39

"EEG"

Back 39

"machine that measures brain wave patterns"

Front 40

"CT"

Back 40

"computer controlled xrays of brain"

Front 41

"MRI"

Back 41

"radio/magnetic waves used to make detailed images of brain"

Front 42

"PET"

Back 42

"measures location of brain activity"

Front 43

"medulla"

Back 43

"large swelling at top of spnal cord. Responsible for life saving functions like breating

Front 44

"pons"

Back 44

"larger swelling above medulla. Connects top/bottom of brain ‚ sleep/dreaming/left-right coordination."

Front 45

"reticular formation"

Back 45

"neurons running through medulla & pons that is responsible for selective attention"

Front 46

"cerebellum"

Back 46

"part of lower brain behind pons. Involuntary

Front 47

"limbic system"

Back 47

"group of structures under cortex. Learning

Front 48

"hypothalamus"

Back 48

"Small- below thalamus. Motivational behavior like sleep

Front 49

"hippocampus"

Back 49

"curved structure located within each temporal lobe

Front 50

"amygdala"

Back 50

"near hippocamppus

Front 51

"cortex"

Back 51

"outermost covering of brain. Consists of densely packed neurons. Higher thought processes and interpretation of sensory output"

Front 52

"cerebral hemisphere"

Back 52

"2 sections of cortex on left/right sides"

Front 53

"corpus callosum"

Back 53

"think band of neurons that connects right/left hemisphere"

Front 54

"occipital lobe"

Back 54

"visual center of brain. rear/bottom"

Front 55

"parietal lobes"

Back 55

"touch

Front 56

"somatosensory cortex"

Back 56

"neurons running down front of parietal lobes ‚ processes info from skin

Front 57

"temporal lobes"

Back 57

"area of cortex behind temples ‚ neurons responsible for hearing & meaningful speech"

Front 58

"frontal lobes"

Back 58

"front/top of brain. Higher mental processes

Front 59

"motor cortex"

Back 59

"section of frontal lobe ‚ sends motor commands to SNS."

Front 60

"association areas"

Back 60

"each lobe in cortex responsible for coordination/interpretation of info & higher mental processing"

Front 61

"brocas aphasia"

Back 61

"disease resulting in damage to broca's area. Results in ability to understand & produce meaningful speech."

Front 62

"spatial neglect"

Back 62

"damage to association area of right hemisphere ‚ inability to recognize objects in left field"

Front 63

"cerebrum"

Back 63

"upper part of brain ‚ 2 hemispheres & connectors"

Front 64

"endocrine glands"

Back 64

"glands that secrete hormones directly into bloodstream"

Front 65

"hormones"

Back 65

"chemicals"

Front 66

"pituatory gland"

Back 66

"in brain ‚ secretes HGH & controls all other glands"

Front 67

"pineal gland"

Back 67

"near base of cerebrum ‚ secretes melatonin"

Front 68

"thyroid gland"

Back 68

"in neck ‚ regulates metabolism"

Front 69

"pancreas"

Back 69

"controls levels of sugar in blood"

Front 70

"gonads"

Back 70

"regulates sexual development / behavior & reproduction"

Front 71

"adrenal glands"

Back 71

"on top of each kidney. Secretes over 30 hormones. stress/salt intake/sexual hormones"

Front 72

"mirror neurons"

Back 72

"neurons that fire when one performs an action & one observes same action performed by other"

Front 73

"excitory neurotransmitter"

Back 73

"causes receiving cell to fire"