Psychology 101-50 Quiz #3

Front 1

In Psychology the term sensation formally refers to:

Back 1

The process of detecting a physical stimulus such as light, sound heat, or pressure.

Front 2

In contrast to sensation, The term perception is formally defined as the:

Back 2

active mental process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensory data.

Front 3

In order to Answer this test item, you must read the words on this page. Detecting the black marks on the page relies on the process of _____, and the ability to interpret these black lines and curves as letters and words involves the process of _____.

Back 3

sensation; perception

Front 4

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Back 4

There is no clear boundary between the processes of sensation and perception as we experience them.

Front 5

Whatmakes sensation possible?

Back 5

sensory receptors

Front 6

The process by which physical energy, such as light, is converted into a coded neural signal that can be transmitted to and interpreted by the brain is called:

Back 6

transduction

Front 7

When sensory receptors convert different forms of energy into neural signals, the process is known as:

Back 7

transduction

Front 8

You catch the whiff of freshly popped popcorn as you enter the movie theater. The process by which the odor of popcorn is converted into neural signals that your brain can interpret as the smell of popcorn is called:

Back 8

transduction

Front 9

Sensation results when sensory receptor cells are stimulated by:

Back 9

some form of physical energy

Front 10

The smallest possible stimulus that can be detected half the time, or the minimum level of stimuli that we can detect is called:

Back 10

the absolute threshold

Front 11

The smallest possible difference between two stimuli that can be detected is called the:

Back 11

difference threshold, or just noticeable difference

Front 12

When Andrew had his hearing tested, some sounds were too soft for him to detect. These sounds were below his _____ for hearing.

Back 12

absolute threshold

Front 13

A large group of students were tested for their ability to distinguish among different tones. Although tone A and tone B were slightly different, more than half of the group thought that they sounded exactly the same. The difference between tone A and tone B can be said to be less than the:

Back 13

difference threshold, or just noticeable difference

Front 14

When you were younger, you probably had your hearing checked. Headphones were placed over your ears and you were to respond when you heard a sound. You were being tested for your hearing:

Back 14

threshold

Front 15

As you go to sleep at night, you realize that you can hear your roommate's wristwatch ticking. Out of curiosity, you keep a record of when you hear the watch ticking and find out that you can hear it about half the time. Your ability to hear your roommate's wristwatch about half the time is an example of:

Back 15

an absolute threshold

Front 16

According to _____, whether we can detect a change in the strength of a stimulus depends upon the intensity of the original stimulus.

Back 16

Weber's law

Front 17

Perception that is below the threshold of conscious perception is called:

Back 17

subliminal perception

Front 18

The mere exposure effect:

Back 18

holds true for exposure to subliminal stimuli as well as exposure to nonsubliminal stimuli

Front 19

The mere exposure effect refers to:

Back 19

the finding that repeated exposure to a particular stimulus leads to increased liking for that stimulus.

Front 20

The finding that repeated exposure to a particular stimulus leads to increased liking for that stimulus is called:

Back 20

the mere exposure effect

Front 21

John puts one toe into the swimming pool and shivers because the water is so cold. He grits his teeth and dives in anyway. After about ten minutes, the temperature of the water seems quite comfortable to him. This example illustrates the principle of:

Back 21

sensory adaptation

Front 22

Jill runs a hot bath. She starts to get into the tub but the water feels extremely hot. She stands in the hot water for a few moments, then slowly sits down, easing the rest of her body into the water. After a few minutes, she feels quite comfortable; the water no longer feels too hot to her. This decline in sensitivity to a constant stimulus that Jill has experienced is called:

Back 22

sensory adaptation

Front 23

As you walk into an Indian restaurant, you immediately notice the delicious odors of curry, saffron, and other spices. After a few minutes, however, you no longer notice the smell. This experience is an example of:

Back 23

sensory adaptation

Front 24

The sensory receptor cells for vision are sensitive to what kind of stimulus?

Back 24

light

Front 25

The clear membrane that covers the outside of the eye and helps gather and direct incoming light is called the:

Back 25

cornea

Front 26

The muscle that controls the amount of light entering the pupil is the:

Back 26

iris

Front 27

As you walk into a brightly lit room, the black structure in the center of your eye seems to shrink to a tiny black dot. This response is caused by the action of the eye structure called the:

Back 27

iris

Front 28

The _____ thickens or thins to focus incoming light. This process is called _____.

Back 28

lens; accommodation

Front 29

As light waves enter the eye, which three structures do they pass through first?

Back 29

cornea, pupil, lens

Front 30

As you glance at the person sitting next to you in class, light reflected from the person's shirt first passes through which three structures of your eye?

Back 30

cornea, pupil, lens

Front 31

How do glasses correct visual problems?

Back 31

Glasses correct vision by intercepting and bending incoming light waves so that they are focused properly on the retina.

Front 32

The sensory receptors for vision are:

Back 32

the rods and cones of the retina

Front 33

Each eye contains about _____ rods and about _____ cones.

Back 33

125 million; 7 million

Front 34

Rods are used for vision in _____ light, and cones are used for vision in _____ light.

Back 34

dim; bright

Front 35

The visual sensory receptor cells that transform light energy into a neural signal are the:

Back 35

rods and cones in the retina

Front 36

Identify the sequence that correctly represents the path taken by light signals through the eye.

Back 36

cornea, pupil, lens, retina

Front 37

The thin, light-sensitive membrane that lies at the back of the eye and contains the sensory receptors for light is the _____.

Back 37

retina

Front 38

Rods and cones are:

Back 38

the sensory receptor cells for vision, found in the retina

Front 39

Which type of sensory receptor(s) are involved in color vision?

Back 39

cones but not rods

Front 40

Rods are to cones as _____ is to _____.

Back 40

slow adaptation; quick adaptation

Front 41

Cones are most concentrated in the:

Back 41

fovea

Front 42

What region of the eye has the largest concentration of cones?

Back 42

the fovea

Front 43

The brain receives less detailed information from the _____ than from the _____.

Back 43

rods; cones

Front 44

The blind spot is caused by:

Back 44

the absence of rods or cones at the point where the optic nerve leaves the eye.

Front 45

What is the optic disk?

Back 45

the point at which the optic nerve fibers leave the back of the eye

Front 46

What does the optic disk cause?

Back 46

our blind spot

Front 47

Which of the following is(are) most involved with visual acuity?

Back 47

cones

Front 48

From the thalamus, visual signals are sent to the _____, where they are interpreted.

Back 48

visual cortex

Front 49

The primary function of the _____ is to catch sound waves and funnel them into the ear canal.

Back 49

pinna

Front 50

The outer ear consists of the:

Back 50

pinna, ear canal, and eardrum

Front 51

Theprimary function of the outer ear is to:

Back 51

collect sound waves and funnel them into the ear canal.

Front 52

What separates the outer ear from the middle ear?

Back 52

the eardrum

Front 53

The primary function served by the middle ear is to:

Back 53

amplify the vibration of sound waves

Front 54

The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are:

Back 54

three tiny bones in the middle ear

Front 55

The purpose of the hammer, anvil, and stirrup is to:

Back 55

increase the amplification of sound and transmit the amplified vibration to the oval window.

Front 56

If your hammer, anvil, and stirrup become brittle or damaged:

Back 56

you may develop conduction deafness

Front 57

The inner ear includes which of the following structures?

Back 57

the cochlea, basilar membrane, and hair cells

Front 58

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of parts of the ear that sound travels in hearing?

Back 58

pinna, ear canal, eardrum, hammer, anvil, stirrup, oval window, cochlea, basilar membrane, hair cells, auditory nerve

Front 59

Nerve deafness is caused by damage to the:

Back 59

hair cells or auditory nerve

Front 60

After many years of playing extremely loud rock music, Pete Townshend of the famous rock group The Who has suffered a significant hearing loss, which cannot be corrected with a hearing aid. Townshend is suffering from:

Back 60

nerve deafness

Front 61

How are auditory stimuli transmitted to the brain?

Back 61

The bending of hair cells stimulates the auditory nerve

Front 62

Taste is to _____ as smell is to _____.

Back 62

gustation; olfaction

Front 63

Smell and taste receptors respond to what type of stimuli?

Back 63

chemical molecules

Front 64

The stimuli that produce the sensation of an odor are:

Back 64

molecules in the air

Front 65

Unlike the sensory receptor cells for hearing and vision, olfactory neurons:

Back 65

are replaced every 30 to 60 days

Front 66

The word anosmia refers to:

Back 66

loss of the olfactory sense

Front 67

Gustation is to olfaction as _____ is to _____.

Back 67

taste; smell

Front 68

To identify a particular odor, the brain:

Back 68

interprets the pattern of odor receptor cells that are stimulated.

Front 69

The olfactory nerve transmits messages to the:

Back 69

olfactory bulb

Front 70

Axons from the olfactory nerve project directly to the:

Back 70

olfactory cortex

Front 71

Theolfactory bulb is:

Back 71

the enlarged ending of the olfactory cortex

Front 72

Which part of the brain is thought to regulate the emotional response to odors?

Back 72

the limbic system

Front 73

The _____ is thought to be involved in our conscious recognition of smells.

Back 73

temporal lobe

Front 74

The olfactory neurons in your nose are unique in that they:

Back 74

form a direct connection to areas of the cortex and limbic system and are the only neurons that directly link the brain to the outside world.

Front 75

At first, you can barely concentrate in your psychology class because the guy sitting behind you is wolfing down a hamburger smothered in onions for his lunch. After a minute, you no longer notice the smell of his sandwich because:

Back 75

sensory adaptation has taken place

Front 76

The sensation of taste results from the activation of receptor cells by what kind of stimuli?

Back 76

chemical substances dissolved in saliva

Front 77

The specialized receptor cells for taste are found in the:

Back 77

taste buds

Front 78

The primary tastes include:

Back 78

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami