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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is memory?
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Memory refers to the mental processes that enable us to acquire, retain, and retrieve information.
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What are the three (3) fundemental processes/functions of memory?
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Encoding, Storage, Retrieval
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What is Encoding?
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Encoding refers to the process of transforming information into a form that can be entered and retained by the memory system.
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What is Storage?
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Storage is the process of retaining information in memory so that it can be used at a later time.
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What is Retrieval?
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Retreival involves recovering the stored information so that we are consciously aware of it.
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What is the Stage Model of Memory?
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The Stage Model of Memory describes memory as haveing three (3) stages, Sensory Memory, Short Term Memory, and Long Term Memory.
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What is Sensory Memory?
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Sensory Memory registers a great deal of information from the environment and hodl it for a very brief period of time (3 seconds or less).
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What is Short-Term Memory?
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Short-Term Memory refers to the active, working memory system. Holds 7 (+/- 2) bits of information for approximately 20 seconds.
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What is Long-Term Memory?
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Long-Term Memory is the third stage of memory, long-term storage, It has infinite storage and can hold information for a lifetime.
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What is Echoic Memory?
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Auditory Sensory Memory, lasts for 3-4 seconds.
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What is Iconic Memory
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Visual Sensory Memory, lasts .25 to .5 seconds.
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What is Maintenance Rehearsal?
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Maintenance Rehearsal is an excercise of continuously/repeatedly refreshing a piece of information that is stored in short-term memory so that it is not last after 20 seconds. This is not a good strategy for creating long-term memories.
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What is Chunking?
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The process of grouping related items together into a single unit to be stored in memory.
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What is Working Memory?
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Short-Term memory, used for working multi-stage math problems and such.
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What is Procedural Memory?
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Procedural Memory refers to the long-term memory of how to perform different skills. This kind of memory is often implicit memory (memory without awareness)
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What is Episodic Memory?
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Episodic Memory refers to your long-term memory of specific events or episodes, including the time and place that they occured. This kind of memory tends to be more of an explicit memory (memory with awareness of the memory).
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What is Semantic Memory?
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Semantic Memory includes general knowledge and includes facts, names, definitions, concepts, and ideas. It is like a person encyclopedia. This kind of memory can be both explicit and implicit (usually more explicit)
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What is Explicit Memory?
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Explicit Memory is "memory with awareness". These are often called "declarative memories" because, if asked, you can "declare" the information.
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What is Implicit Memory?
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Implicit Memory is "memory without awareness". Implicit memories cannot be conciously recollected but they can still influence your behavoir, knowledge, or how you perform a task.
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What is recognition?
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Recognition involves identifying the correct information some several possible choices. (Multiple Choice)
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What is Forgetting?
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Forgetting is the inability to retrieve information that was previously stored/available.
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What is Encoding Failure?
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Encoding Failure occurs when the information was never encoded properly for storage in long-term memory.
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What is Decay Theory?
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Decay Thoery proposes that we forget memories because we don't use them and they fade away over time as a matter of normal brain processes.
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What is Displacement Effect?
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Displacement Effect occurs when one piece of information enter into short-term memory, replacing another.
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What is Retroactive Interference?
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Retroactive Interference occurs when a new memory interferes with an old memory.
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What is Proactive Interference?
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Proactive Interference occurs when an old memory interferes with a new memory.
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What is Suppression?
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Suppression involves the deliberate, concious effort to forget information.
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What is Repression?
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Repression is motivated forgetting that occurs unconciously.
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