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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the steps involved in memory?
encoding storage retrieval |
encoding - putting it into memory
storage - hold in memory retrieval - recover from memory |
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What is sensory memory?
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temporary storage of sensory information
-capacity: high -duration: less than one second (vision) or a few (hearing) -stored in short-term memory |
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What is short-term memory?
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brief storage of infomation currently being used
-capacity: limited -duration: less than 20 sec -transfered to long-term memory |
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What is long-term memory?
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relatively permanent storage
-capacity: unlimited? -duration: permanent? |
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Long-term memory is made up of 4 parts, what are they?
declarative memory episodic memory semantic memory procedural memory |
declarative: facts and personal experiences
episodic: facts acquired at specific times semantic: common knowledge procedural: information that can not be recited verbally (riding a bike) |
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How is memory measured?
recognition recall relearning |
recognition: recognizing material when it is seen
recall: remembering in the absence of the item relearning: reconstruction |
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Forgetting happens as a result of:
retroactive interference proactive interference failure to encode consolidation failure decay retrieval failure motivated forgetting |
retroactive interference: info being learned interferes with info learned before
proactive interference: info learned before interferes with info being learned failure to encode: fail to put material into long-term memory consolidation failure: lose because organic disruption while the memory trace is being formed decay: fading of memory retrieval failure: inability to find necessary memory cue for retrieval, sometimes temporary motivated forgetting: repression, PTSD |
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What is reconstruction?
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piecing memory together from a few highlights, then filling in details based on what we think should have happened
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What is construction?
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creating memories for events we never experieced
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Hypnosis and recall
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increases confidence and amount of information
-does not increase ACCURATE information recall |
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What is repression?
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active elimination from consciousness of memories of threatening experiences
-results in false memories |
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What are flashbulb memories?
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vivid memories of what were were doing at the time of an emotion-provoking event.
-not as accurate as we perceive. |
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What happens with environmental context?
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it becomes encoded along with the material being remembered
-restating often helps increase memory |
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What is state dependent memory?
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when internal body states are encoded with memories
-memories are easier to retrieve when these body states are entered again |
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What is mood dependent memory?
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information learned in a happy mood is more easily recalled in a happy mood
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What are the effects of mood congruence effects?
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when you are in a good mood you notice and remember more happy information
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