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50 Cards in this Set

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The process of transforming into a for that can be stored in memory
Encoding
The process of keeping or maintaining information in memory
Storage
The process of bringing to mind information that has been stored in memory.
Retrieval
The process of encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.
Memory
THe memory system that holds information from the senses for a period of time ranging from only a fraction of a second to about 2 seconds.
Sensory memory
What is the capacity and duration of sensory memory?
Large - 2 seconds
What is the capacity and duration of short-term memory
range 5-9
30 seconds without rehearsal
What is a way to keep memory stored in short-term memory longer than the expected loss time of 30 sec?
rehearsal
What's another term used for short-term memory
Working memory
The event that occurs when short-term memory is filled to capacity and each new, incoming item pushes out an existing item, which is then forgotten.
Displacement
A memory strategy that involves grouping or organizing bits of information into larger units, which are easier to remember.
Chunking
The act of purposely repeating information to maintain it in short-term memory.
Rehearsal
The memory subsystem that we use when we try to understand information, remember it, or use it to solve a problem or communicate with someone.
Working memory
What are 2 strategies to maintain the working memory?
Maintenance rehearsal
Elaborative rehearsal
Repeating information over and over again until it is no longer needed; may eventually lead to storage of information in long-term memory (superficial)
Maintenance rehearsal
A memory strategy that involves relating new information to something that is already known (deep)
Elaborative rehearsal
Whats another term for maintenance rehearsal?
Shallow learning
What's another term for Elaborative rehearsal
Deep learning
The memory system with a virtually unlimited capacity that contains vast stores of a person's permanent or relatively permanent memories
Long term memory
What are the 2 types of long term memory?
Declarative memory
Non-declarative memory
The subsystem within long-term memory that stores facts, information, and personal life events that can be brought to mind verbally or in the form of images and then declared or stated
Declarative memory
Whats another term for declarative memory?
Explicit memory
What are the 2 types of declarative memory?
Episodic memory
Semantic memory
The type of memory that records events as they have been subjectively experienced.
Episodic memory

What type of long term memory is this?
Declarative memory
The type of memory that stores general knowledge, or objective facts and information
Semantic memory

What type of long term memory is this?
Declarative memory
The subsystem within long-term memory that stores motor skills, habits, and simple classically conditioned responses.
Non-declarative memory
What is another term for non-declarative memory?
Implicit memory
A memory task in which a person much produce required information by searching memory
Recall
What are 3 methods of retrieving memory?
Recall
Retrieval cue
Recognition

3 R's
Any stimulus or bit of information that aids in retrieving particular information from long-term memory
Retrieval cue
A memory task in which a person must simply identify material as familiar or as having been encountered before
Recognition
The inability to bring to mind information that was previously remembered
Forgetting
The pattern of forgetting which shows that forgetting tapers off after a period of rapid information loss that immediately follows learning.
Curve of forgetting
What are causes of forgetting?
Encoding failure
Decay
Interference
Consolidation failure
Motivated forgetting
Prospective forgetting
Retrieval failure
A cause of forgetting that occurs when information was never put into long term memory.
Encoding failure
memories in which are not used, fade with time and ultimately disappear altogether
Decay theory
A cause of forgetting that occurs because information or associations stored either before or after a given memory hinder the ability to remember it.
Interference
Type of interference in which new learning is interfered by previous learning; loss of previous memory
Retroactive interference
Type of interference in which old learning is interfered by new learning; loss of new learning
Proactive interference
Any disruption in the consolidation process that prevents a long term memory from forming
Consolidation failure
Which psychologist created the curve of forgetting?
Ebbinghaus
Forgetting through suppression or repression in an effort to protect oneself from material that is painful, frightening, or otherwise unpleasant
Motivated forgetting
Not remembering to carry out some intended action.
Prospective forgetting
Not remembering something one is certain of knowing
Retrieval failure
What are 3 types of memory loss?
Amnesia
Dementia
Repressed memories
A partial or complete loss of memory due to loss of consciousness, brain damage, or some psychological cuase.
Amnesia
Inability to form new memories
Anterograde amnesia
A loss of memory for experiences that occurred shortly before a loss of consciousness.
Retrograde amnesia
A state of mental deterioration characterized by impaired memory and intellect and by altered personality and behavior
Dementia
A psychological process in which traumatic memories are buried int he unconscious mind.
Repressed memories