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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
memory
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the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
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flashbulb memory
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a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
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encoding
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the processing of information into the memory system for example, by extracting meaning
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storage
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the retention of encoded information over time
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retrieval
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the process of getting information out of memory storage
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sensory memory
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the immediate, intial recording of sensory information in the memory system
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short-term memory
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activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten. Working memory is a similar concept that focuses more on the processing of briefly store information
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long-term memory
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the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
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automatic processing
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unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings
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effortful processing
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encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
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rehearsal
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the conscious repition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
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spacing effect
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the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
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serial position effect
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our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
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visual encoding
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the encoding of picture images
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acoustic encoding
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the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words
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semantic encoding
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the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words
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imagery
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mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding
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mnemonics
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memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
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chunking
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organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
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