Psy 101 Test 1

Front 1

______ is considered to be the founder of scientific psychology, in part because he founded the first university-based psychology laboratory.

Back 1

Wilhelm Wundt

Front 2

What psychological school of thought claims that all knowledge is based upon sensory experience?

Back 2

Empiricism

Front 3

Colin argues with a colleague that one part of the brain controls anxious thoughts while another part controls the way they talk. What notion proposed in the nineteenth-century supports Colin's argument.

Back 3

Localization of function

Front 4

Which term BEST fits the definition of an idea, or a conceptual model, that is designed to explain existing facts and make predictions about new facts that might be discovered?

Back 4

Theory

Front 5

Laura wants to report on how many people have certain mental disorders in the largest cities in Wisconsin. She is planning to carry out _____ research.

Back 5

Descriptive

Front 6

Lisa is handing our surveys assessing recycling habits to her fellow students. What type of data-collection method is she MOST likely employing.

Back 6

Self-reporting

Front 7

A psychologist is studying mastectomy patients in local hospitals to learn whether a patients age at the time of surgery is related to postsurgical emotional adjustment. The psychologist is carrying out a:

Back 7

Correlational study

Front 8

Bill finds that he has a very large standard deviation and he concludes that the scores in his data set are:

Back 8

Very different from one another

Front 9

To determine whether colleges men or women are faster sprinters, a researcher located 15 women at the sports complex and 15 men at the library and asked them to run a 100-yard dash. Suppose the woman ran faster than the men, and the results were statistically significant. The MOST justified criticism of this study is that are:

Back 9

Samples were biased

Front 10

Suppose a researcher measures intelligence by weighing participants on a highly accurate scale. This measure would have _____ reliability and _____ validity.

Back 10

High; low

Front 11

Suppose Craig hypothesized a strong relationship between hours spent Watching television and grade point average; namely, as the amount of time spent watching television increases, GPA suffers seriously. Which correlation coefficient would BEST support his hypothesis?

Back 11

-0.80

Front 12

Jeremiah used to have dark brown hair but after spending a day in the sun, his hair became much lighter. Jeremiah's ______ was impacted by the sun.

Back 12

Phenotype

Front 13

Reproductive cells are produced by the process ______, while cells such as skin and muscle cells are produced by ______

Back 13

Meiosis; mitosis

Front 14

Some early scientists argued that if a beaver's tail became flatter and wider as a result of constantly using it to slap mid onto dams, that the beaver could pass it's relatively flat, wide tail to its offspring. That argument is called ______ and it it has since become _____.

Back 14

The inheritance of acquired characteristics; discredited

Front 15

Assuming that genes influence behavior directly, rather than through the interaction with the environment, is referred to as:

Back 15

The deterministic fallacy.

Front 16

In one of Pavlov's experiments, a dog learned to salivate at the sound of a bell. In this case, the bell was a(n) _____ and the salivation it elicited was a(n) _____ response.

Back 16

Conditioned stimulus; conditioned

Front 17

Although in the days following a serious car accident, Christine's muscles tensed every time she got into her car, this reaction eventually disappeared and Christine no longer felt tense. Christine was quiet surprised when, several months later, she got into her car and her muscles tensed. This renewal of the conditioned reflex with the passage of time is called :

Back 17

Spontaneous recovery

Front 18

Who paired noise (US) with a white rabbit (CS) and made a child fear white rabbits?

Back 18

John B. Watson

Front 19

The most clear example of an operant response is a dog :

Back 19

Barks so you'll let him go outside

Front 20

A pigeon is learning to peck a key for food. At first it receives food just for moving into the half of there cage nearest the key. Once it is spending all it's time there, food is only given when it bushes against the key. Once that behavior is established, the pigeon must touch the key with its beak before food is delivered. What technique is being employed?

Back 20

Shaping

Front 21

Raymond does not like to clean his room, even when his parents continuously tell him to do so. For every day that he doesn't clean his room, his parents are taking away money, so he stops his messy behavior. This is an example of:

Back 21

Negative punishment

Front 22

An untrained chimpanzee that was present when it's trained mother used human-language symbols began to use some of the symbols himself appropriately. This could be considered an example of:

Back 22

Observational learning

Front 23

List the steps involved in scientific psychological research

Back 23

1. Identify a clear question

2. Observe, collect data

3. Review data

4. Report data

Front 24

What two disciplines ate the "parents" of psychology? Lost and define 2 other major paradigms ( schools of thought) within the modern (post 1875) field of psychology.

Back 24

Philosophy & physiology.

2 major paradigms are behaviorism & functionalism

Front 25

List the 3 (possibly 4) main goals of psychology

Back 25

1. Describe

2. Explain

3. Predict

4. Possibly change behavior

Front 26

What are the 3 characteristics of science?

Back 26

Objective, systematic, and testable

Front 27

How does the textbook define psychology?

Back 27

The textbook defines it as the study of behavior and the mind

Front 28

How did the teacher define psychology?

Back 28

The teacher it as just the study if behavior

Front 29

3 types of research strategies

Back 29

1. Research design- experiments, correlation study, and descriptive studies.

2. The setting- field & laboratory

3. The data collection method- self report & observation

Front 30

3 types of research strategies

Back 30

1. Research design- experiments, correlation study, and descriptive studies.

2. The setting- field & laboratory

3. The data collection method- self report & observation

Front 31

The variable that is hypothesized to cause some effect on another variable is an

Back 31

Independent variable

Front 32

3 types of research strategies

Back 32

1. Research design- experiments, correlation study, and descriptive studies.

2. The setting- field & laboratory

3. The data collection method- self report & observation

Front 33

The variable that is hypothesized to cause some effect on another variable is an ( factors that are hypothesized to influence dependent measures)

Back 33

Independent variable

Front 34

The variable that is hypothesized to affected is ( usually measures of behavior)

Back 34

The dependent variable

Front 35

Wha is a Correlational study?

Back 35

The researcher does not manipulate any variable but observes or measures two or more already existing variables to find a relationship between them.

Front 36

What is spontaneous recovery ?

Back 36

When after a passage of time following extinction a condition reflex can be renewed

Front 37

Reinforcing successive approximations to a desired response is known as:

Back 37

Shaping

Front 38

Central tendencies

Back 38

Mean, median, mode

Front 39

Variability

Back 39

Variance

Standard deviation

Front 40

Naturalistic fallacy

Back 40

Natural=moral=right

Social Darwinists

Front 41

Primary reinforcers

Back 41

Stimulus that is inherently reinforcing for a species

Front 42

Primary reinforcers

Back 42

Stimulus that is inherently reinforcing for a species

Front 43

Conditioned(or secondary) reinforcers

Back 43

Stimulus that has acquires reinforcing value by being associated with a primary reinforcer