Psy 100 Test #1

Front 1

Psychology

Back 1

scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Front 2

4 psychology's goals

Back 2

1. predict: When it will happen
2. description: what happened
3. explanation: why it's happening
4. control: how can it be fixed

Front 3

psychodynamic

Back 3

*unconscious mind and it's influences of the conscious behavior
*early childhood experiences

Front 4

behavioral

Back 4

*explains how voluntary behavior is learned
EX: child crying is rewarded by mothers attention. Being awarded the child will cry again in the future

Front 5

humanistic

Back 5

*focuses on peoples ability to direct their own lives
*freedom to choose their own destiny
*achievement of one's full potential

Front 6

cognitive

Back 6

focuses on how people think, remember, store and use info

Front 7

sociocultural

Back 7

*study of groups social roles/rules
*cultural norms, values, expectations

Front 8

bio-psychological

Back 8

*biological bases of behavior/mental process
*hormones, heredity, brain chemicals, etc.

Front 9

psychologists

Back 9

*no medical training
*must be licensed to practice within their state

Front 10

psychiatrist

Back 10

*has medical degree
*specialized to diagnose/can prescribe medication

Front 11

Scientific Method Steps

Back 11

1. form a question
2. state a hypothesis
3. test the hypothesis
4. draw conclusions
5. report results

Front 12

observer effect

Back 12

animals/people who know they are watched will not behave normally

Front 13

case study

Back 13

*1 individual is studied in great detail
*advantage: the mass amount of detail it provides, good to study things that are rare

Front 14

correlation

Back 14

measure of the relationship between 2 or more variables

Front 15

correlation coefficient

Back 15

*direction/strength of a relationship

(+) = 2 variables move in same direction
*1 goes up the other goes up

(-) = 2 variables have an inverse relationship
*as one goes up, the other goes down

*The # will always range between +1.00 and -1.00. The closer the # is to 0 the weaker the relationships become.

Front 16

independent variable

Back 16

variable that is manipulated

Front 17

dependent variable

Back 17

response to the manipulation to the independent variable

Front 18

experimental group

Back 18

exposed to the I.V. b/c the group receives the experimental manipulation

Front 19

control group

Back 19

gets either no treatment/some kind of treatment with no effect

Front 20

placebo effect

Back 20

expectations of the participants in a study can influence their behaviors

Front 21

experimenter effect

Back 21

expectations of the experimenter can influence the behavior

Front 22

Occipital Lobe

Back 22

*visual center
*helps identify/make sense of the visual info.

Front 23

Parietal Lobe

Back 23

*processes info. from the skin/internal body receptors for touch, temp, and body positions

Front 24

Temporal Lobe

Back 24

*sense of hearing/meaningful speech

Front 25

Frontal Lobe

Back 25

*controls emotions
*fluent speech
*higher mental processes and decisions making

Front 26

neuron

Back 26

*basic cell
*makes up the nervous system
*receives/sends messages

Front 27

glial cells

Back 27

*provides support for neurons
*delivers nutrients to neurons
*influence generation of new neurons

Front 28

synapse

Back 28

fluid filled space

Front 29

soma

Back 29

cell body

Front 30

hyperpolarization

Back 30

change in a cells membrane potential that makes it more (-)
*opposite of depolarization

Front 31

myelin sheath

Back 31

*insulation of a cell
*speeds up neural messages within a cell

Front 32

all-or-nothing law

Back 32

either you have action potential or you dont

Front 33

communication between neurons

Back 33

Chemicals in the end of one neuron float across the gap to fit into holes on the next neuron

Front 34

synaptic vesicles

Back 34

storage sacs containing neurotransmitters

Front 35

neurotransmitter

Back 35

*specific shapes
*when NT binds to receptor, ions enter

Front 36

agonist

Back 36

*mimic neurotransmitter
EX: morphine: releases endorphins

Front 37

antagonist

Back 37

*block receptors
*NT naturally activate receptors

Front 38

nervous system

Back 38

broken down into 2 parts:
1. central nervous system
2. peripheral nervous system

Front 39

central nervous system

Back 39

made up of the brain and spinal cord

Front 40

peripheral nervous system

Back 40

1. autonomic (regulation of internal organs: digestion, blood vessels, blood pressure)
2. somatic (controls mov't of skeletal muscles)

Front 41

hypothalamus

Back 41

*regulates the amount of fear, thirst, sex drive, and aggressions, body temp, reward, hormone selection

Front 42

what is the hindbrain made up of?

Back 42

1. medulla
2. pons
3. reticular formation
4. cerebellum

Front 43

medulla

Back 43

*where nerves cross from 1 side of the body to the opposite side
*controls heartbeat, breathing, swallowing

Front 44

pons

Back 44

*motor nerves carrying msgs from brain to body
*influence sleep, dreaming, and arousal

Front 45

reticular formation

Back 45

*allows people to ignore constant unchanging info, and become alert to changes
*if destroyed may result in an irreversible coma

Front 46

cerebellum

Back 46

controls all involuntary, rapid, fine mov't

Front 47

limic system

Back 47

*part of the lower-level structure
*involved in emotions, motivation, and learning

Front 48

midbrain

Back 48

involved in processing visual and auditory info

Front 49

thalamus

Back 49

*forebrain
*relays info from sensory organs to the cerebral cortex

Front 50

amygdala & where is it located?

Back 50

*responsible for fear responses and memory of fear
*people can respond to danger very quickly, before they are consciously aware
*identify emotions from facial expressions
*heart rate, adrenaline releases
*temporal lobe

Front 51

hippocampus

Back 51

*"seahorse"
*temporal lobe
*long term memory/storage of memory for location of objects
*forming new memories

Front 52

higher-level structure

Back 52

1. corpus callosum
2. cerebral cortex

Front 53

corpus callosum

Back 53

thick band of neurons that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres

Front 54

cerebral cortex

Back 54

*important role in emotional/cognitive processing

Front 55

fMRI

Back 55

*analyze blood flow/oxygen levels
*activity measured over seconds rather than minutes

Front 56

PET

Back 56

*tracks radioactive compound (glucose)
*collects color coded info over several mins

Front 57

sensation

Back 57

occurs when special receptors in sense organs are activated

Front 58

transduction

Back 58

an energy form, change it into an internal code

Front 59

perception

Back 59

*sensations are experienced by any given time
*you interpret, organize the info in an meaningful way

Front 60

sensory threshold

Back 60

smallest possible difference

Front 61

webers law

Back 61

*sensation is relative
EX: lifting weights 10 to 15 lbs

Front 62

absolute threshold

Back 62

*minimal amount of stimulus to be detected
EX: hearing a watch tick 20 ft. away

Front 63

mere exposure effect

Back 63

*being exposed to something repeatedly then begin to like it
EX: certain songs being played on the radio

Front 64

sensory habituation

Back 64

*brain not paying attention to constant stimulation
EX: at a party. paying attention to convo right in front of you, someone says your name might be able to respond

Front 65

sensory adaption

Back 65

EX: cold temp of a lake when swimming
*doesn't feel cold after being exposed to it for awhile

Front 66

selection attention

Back 66

EX: talking on the phone while driving
*switching back and forth
*laps: missing exits or parts of the convo.

Front 67

endocrine gland

Back 67

secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream