- (Plants) - Study Q's 9 - Flowering Plants

Front 1

1. What is another name for the flowering plants?

Back 1

Angiosperms

Front 2

2. Name 5 apomorphies of the flowering plants.

Back 2

1. Flowers
2. Carpels
3. Fruits
4. Double fertilization with triploid endosperm
5. Specialized conductive cells

Front 3

3. What is the definition of a flower?

Back 3

A shoot system bearing modified leaves!

Front 4

4. Name all the components of a flower.

Back 4

Perianth
Calyx (sepals) - green, protective
Corolla (petals) - colored, attractant

Stamens - male

Carpels - female

Front 5

5. How are most angiosperms pollinated? How does this differ from gymnosperms?

Back 5

Through animal pollination

Gymnosperms are wind pollinated

Front 6

6. Is animal pollination derived or ancestral for the angiosperms as a whole? Why was it an adaptation?

Back 6

It was ancestral. It was an adaptation because it’s the most efficient means of transferring pollen.

Front 7

7. What are the two "strategies" of animal pollination?

Back 7

To -attract- the animal and then to -reward- it.

Front 8

8. What are two types of "attractants" involved in pollination?

Back 8

Visual: large or brightly colored perianth
Olfactory (smell): sweet or rotten (fetid) odor

Front 9

9. What is the typical reward?

Back 9

Usually nectar or pollen
(Rarely waxes, oils)

Front 10

10. Name some animals that pollinate flowers.

Back 10

Insects
-Bees
-Butterflies/Moths
-Flies

Birds

Bats

Front 11

11. Define the term "carpel."

Back 11

conduplicate megasporophyll

Front 12

12. What is a gynoecium? pistil?

Back 12

Gynoecium = all female parts

Pistil = ovary + style + stigma
Pistil can be one carpel or many

Front 13

13. What is the adaptive function of a carpel?

Back 13

1. Protects young seeds

2. Site of pollen germination
- Can induce self-incompatibility reactions

3. Fruits

Front 14

14. What does "self-incompatibility" mean?

Back 14

- Pollen will not germinate on genetically similar individuals
- Promotes outcrossing

Front 15

15. What is the definition of a fruit and what is its function?

Back 15

Fruit = mature ovary
(plus accessory parts)

Function: seed dispersal

Front 16

16. What are the two major types of fruits and how do they differ with respect to seed dispersal?

Back 16

dry
- dispersed mechanically, by wind, water, etc.

fleshy
- dispersed by animals

Front 17

17. What does double fertilization mean?

Back 17

Pollen produces 2 sperm cells

Front 18

18. What is the name of each of the two products of double fertilization?

Back 18

sperm (n) + egg (n) ----> zygote (2n)
sperm (n) + 2 polar nuclei (n) ----> endosperm (3n)

Front 19

19. What is the possible adaptive significance of triploid endosperm?

Back 19

Extra set of genes may help in:
1) rapid development
2) increase genetic variation

Front 20

20. Contrast gymnosperms and angiosperms with regard to the time period between pollination and fertilization.

Back 20

Gymnosperms:
- Fertilization occurs long after pollination

Angiosperms:
- Fertilization occurs soon after pollination

Front 21

21. How might angiosperms be better adapted with regard to the above?

Back 21

The seeds are produced more rapidly in Angiosperms (29/44)

Front 22

22. Name the specialized water conductive cells of almost all angiosperms and how these differ from those of gymnosperms.

Back 22

Most Angiosperms have vessels - Specialized in having perforation plates

Front 23

23. Name the specialized sugar conductive cells of all angiosperms and how these differ from those of gymnosperms.

Back 23

All Angiosperms have sieve tube members - with sieve plates: bigger pores in end walls

Front 24

24. Why are angiosperms no longer classified into "dicots" and "moncots?"

Back 24

Dicots are a paraphyletic group; features are primitive not apomorphies -

Front 25

25. Name the three major apomorphies of the monocots.

Back 25

1 cotyledon
stem an -atactostele-
parallel venation

Front 26

26. Name some common, everyday monocots.

Back 26

Palms
Orchids
Irises
Grasses, etc.

Front 27

27. What apomorphy unites the Eudicots? How does this feature contrast with all other Angiosperms (and seed plants)?

Back 27

Pollen tricolpate - 3 apertures
All other Angiosperm pollen has 1 aperture

Front 28

28. Name some common Eudicots.

Back 28

Roses
Legumes
Daisies
Oaks, etc.