- ( Mammals) - Study Q's Week 1

Front 1

1. What replaces the notochord in adult stages of later vertebrates?

Back 1

Vertebrae
Intervertebral discs

Front 2

2. What is one advantage of the evolution of jaws among vertebrates?

Back 2

active predation

Front 3

3. Which taxon is the closest relative of vertebrates?

Back 3

Myxini (hagfishes)

Front 4

4. What is the original and later function of pharyngeal gill slits in chordates?

Back 4

Original is for filter feeding Later is for respiration

Front 5

5. What is the difference between bone and cartilage?

Back 5

Bone is rigid organs and cartilage is more flexible dense connective tissue.

Front 6

6. Provide an example of a countercurrent exchange system in vertebrates and
explain how it works.

Back 6

Gills: Blood in gills flows in the opposite direction in which water passes over the gills, maximizing oxygen uptake and CO2 lost.

Front 7

7. List three derived characters that unite all vertebrates?

Back 7

Jaws,Vertebrae , Heteroceral tail, Calcified teeth

Front 8

8. Define the following terms: myomeres
claspers
myoglobin
paedogenesis
neural crest cells
notochord
sessile

Back 8

Myomeres: Segmented arranged body muscles

Claspers: Found in males and they are used for copulation

Myoglobin: respiratory pigment in blood.

Paedogenesis: Larval from species that are able to reproduce

Neutral crest cells: cells that originate near the dorsal margin of the closing neutral tube in embryo. Also they give rise to teeth, bones, cartilage skull, and sensory capsules in eye.

Notochord: flexible, rod like structure, extending the length of the body in chordates.

Sessile: attached animal do not move (sponge)

Front 9

9. The group to which salmon and trout belong is__________?

Back 9

Osteichthyes (bony fish)

Salmoniformes

Front 10

10. Name the structure used by adult tunicates to capture food?

Back 10

Pharyngeal bars traps food.

Front 11

11. A specialized structure seen in some craniates for detecting vibration in water
is called_______?

Back 11

lateral line system

Front 12

12. List two synapomorphies for chordates.

Back 12

Dorsal hollow nerve cord

ciliated pharyngeal bars and slits

Notochord

Muscular post-anal tail

Front 13

13. Name the two major monophyletic groups of fishes?

Back 13

Chondrichthyes and Osteichthves

Front 14

14. Briefly explain the origin of jaws and evidence to support this.

Back 14

Jaws develop from skeletal support of pharyngeal gills and slits (anterior pair gill arches)

Front 15

15. What is the function of the vertebrate kidney?, liver?

Back 15

kidney is to remove nitrogenous waste.

Liver is the protein and fat metabolism.

Front 16

16. Hagfish are scavengers or parasites? Be able to distinguish between the two.

Back 16

Hagfish are scavengers, they eat dead things.

Front 17

17. Defend or refute the statement Chondrichthyes are primitive fish.

Back 17

They are not primitive fish, they are modern fish. They’re modern because of the bones found in them, the jaws they have, the vertebras, and tails. Primitive fish don’t have this

Front 18

18. What are conodonts and what is their significance?

Back 18

Extinct worm like animal in vertebrata, they have teeth made of apatite (calcium phosphate). They are the earliest vertebrates with mineralized mouth parts.

Front 19

19. Which came first lungs or swim bladders?

Back 19

Swim bladders

Front 20

20. How does a lobe fin differ from a ray fin?

Back 20

muscular attachment in lobe fins Vs fins supported by long-flexible rays