- (Plants) - Study Q's 7 - Vascular Plants

Front 1

1. Name 5 apomorphies of the Vascular Plants.

Back 1

1) Independent, branched sporophyte
2) Vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
3) Roots
4) Shoots system (with microphylls)
5) Lignified Fibers

Front 2

2. What is another name for the Vascular Plants?

Back 2

Tracheophytes

Front 3

3. What is the name of one of the earliest vascular plants (that lacked roots)?

Back 3

Rhynia

Front 4

4. Which phase of the life cycle is dominant and long-lived in the vascular plants?

Back 4

Sporophyte

Front 5

5. What is vascular tissue?

Back 5

Cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body.
Made up of Xylem and Phloem.

Front 6

6. What is the function and major cell types of xylem?

Back 6

Transports water and minerals.
Composed of tracheids and vessels.

Front 7

7. What is the difference between a tracheid and a vessel?

Back 7

Tracheids have no perforation plates, while vessels have perforation plates in their end wall.

Front 8

8. What is the function and major cell types of phloem?

Back 8

Phloem is a sugar conductive tissue. It’s comprised of sieve cells or sieve tube members. Both have pores.

Front 9

9. What do sieve cells and sieve tube members have in their end walls that function in conduction?

Back 9

Pores

Front 10

10. What is a shoot?

Back 10

The stem and leaves of a vascular plant

Front 11

11. What are the functions of a stem? of leaves?

Back 11

Stem functions in support and as a conduction pathway
Leaves are the major photosynthetic organs

Front 12

12. What is the apical meristem?

Back 12

Region of active cell division.. Gives rise to all cells of the shoot.

Front 13

13. What are the three developmental regions of a shoot or root?

Back 13

In three “zones” of: cell division, cell elongation, and cell differentiation (maturation)
pg. 721 in book

Front 14

14. What is the term for an immature shoot?

Back 14

Bud

Front 15

15. What do buds develop into?

Back 15

Branches (or reproductive organs)

Front 16

16. What is the function of roots?

Back 16

anchorage, absorption (of water and minerals) and sometimes storage

Front 17

17. What do roots have that distinguish them from shoots?

Back 17

They differ from stems in having: a root cap, root hairs (absorption), and no external primordial (no young leaves)

Front 18

18. Name the 3 mature tissue systems of plants, their constituent tissues and their functions.

Back 18

Dermal (epidermis): Outside. Protects from damage, pathogens and water loss)
Vascular: Xylem (transport water and minerals) and Phloem (transport sugars)
Ground: Parenchyma. Metabolism and photosynthesis

Front 19

19. What is lignin and where is it located?

Back 19

A hard substance secreted within the secondary cell wall

Front 20

20. What is a secondary cell wall, in what cells is it found, and what is its function?

Back 20

An extra wall later formed between the primary cell wall and the plasma membrane (in -some- plants)
It’s found in tracheids, vessels, and fibers (all dead cells)
It adds structural support

Front 21

21. What is a sclerenchyma fiber in terms of structure and function?

Back 21

It is a supportive plant cell

Front 22

22. What kinds of leaves are found in the Lycopods.

Back 22

Dimorphic leaves

Front 23

23. What are the diagnostic (and apomorphic) features of the Sphenopsids (Equisetum)?

Back 23

They have: Ridged stems, whorled microphylls, and silica in their cell walls

Front 24

24. What are the diagnostic (and apomorphic) features of the Psilopsids (Psilotum)?

Back 24

Microphylls or enations (no veins)
Dichotomously branched green stems
No roots!!

Front 25

25. How are the leaves of the Leptosporangiate ferns different from those of Lycopods, Sphenopsids, and Psilopsids?

Back 25

The leaves are large and have multiple veins (megaphylls)

Front 26

26. What is distinctive about the leptosporangium?

Back 26

It is one cell thick. As the water in the cell wall evaporates near the thinner part of the cell wall, the leptosporangium opens and acts as a catapult for the spores inside.

Front 27

27. Review the life cycle of a fern.

Back 27

(Slide 72 of 79)

Front 28

28. What is a fiddlehead?

Back 28

The unfurled frond of a young fern. Unrolls as the fern matures and grows into a fern leaf

Front 29

29. What is a sorus?

Back 29

A group of leptosporangia

Front 30

30. What aquatic fern genus has a symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing blue green (bacteria) living inside?

Back 30

Azolla