Phys Ch 4 Stress

Front 1

stress

Back 1

The response of individuals to stressors/the wear and tear on the body due to the demands placed on it.

Front 2

Stressors

Back 2

the circumstances and evants taht threaten individuals and tax their coping abilities

Front 3

General Adaptation syndrome

Back 3

Selye's term for the common effects on the body when stressors presist.

Front 4

Hans Sely

Back 4

Austrian Born founder of stress reasearch

Front 5

3 stages of GAS
General Adaption Syndrome

Back 5

alarm
resistance
exhaustion

Front 6

Alarm stage

Back 6

the body quickly mobilizes resources to deal with whatever is threating

Front 7

Resistance Stage

Back 7

the bocy adapts to the continued presence of the stressor

Front 8

Exhaustion Stage

Back 8

responses that were helpful in the short term may now become damaging as they presist.

Front 9

Cogntive Appraisal

Back 9

Lazarus' term for individuals' interpretermination of whather they have the resources to effectively cope with the events

Front 10

2 types of congintive appraisal

Back 10

Primary
secondary

Front 11

Primary appraisal

Back 11

individuals interpert whather an event involves harm or loss that has already occurred, a threat of some future danger or challenge to overcome.

Front 12

Secondary appraisal

Back 12

individuals evaluate their resources and determine how effectively they can be used to cope with the event.

Front 13

Lazarus' Congitive Appraisal
View of stress 2 steps

Back 13

step 1 perceiving a stressor as harmful and or threating and having few or no coping resources available
step 2 yields high stess. preceiving a stressor as challenging

Front 14

Hans Seley

Back 14

founder of stress research

Front 15

2 biological pahways in stress

Back 15

1) hypothalamus
2) pituitary gland

Front 16

Psychoneuroimmunology

Back 16

a scientific field that explores connections among psychological factore ( such as attitudes and emotions) the nervous system and the immune system

Front 17

3 lines of research support the conclusion that the immune system and stress are linked

Back 17

1) Acute stressors
2) Chronic Stressor
3) positive social circumstances

Front 18

Acute stressors

Back 18

sudden onetime life events or stimuli, can produce changes in the immune system.

Front 19

Chronic stressors

Back 19

those that are long lasting, are associated with increasing downturn in responsiveness of the immune system

Front 20

Positive social circumstances

Back 20

AND LOW STRESS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED ABILITY TO FIGHT CANCEER, having good social relationship and support is often linked with higher lievels of the type of whiet bolld ceslls called NKcells. whereas a high degree of stress is often related to lower NK cell levels. NK cells can attack tumor cells

Front 21

Stress and Cardiovascular disease

Back 21

emotional stress can cause a person th have a heart attack, a clear link has not been found but apparently the surge in epinephrine associated with GAS causes the blood to clot more rapidly and blod clotting i a major factour in heart attacks

Front 22

Stress and Cancer

Back 22

Rewsearchers have found links between stess and cancer, believes that the link between stress and cancer can best be understood by examining 3 factors

Front 23

3 factors to link between stress and cancer

Back 23

1) quality of life
2) behavioral factors
3) biological pahways

Front 24

Quality of life

Back 24

a number of studies have documented acute stress at the time of cancer diagnosed, long treatment can cause stress in life and these stressors can suppress the body's ability to fight off many types of disease, including cancer

Front 25

Behavioral factors

Back 25

in increase in negative health behavioursor a decrease in positive health behaviors can accompany cancer. depression, lack of interaction with positive actions can also produce depression causing the amune system to be down making a person more accatible to cancer

Front 26

Biological pathways

Back 26

if the immune system is not compromised, it appears to help provide resistance to cancer and slow it progress.

Front 27

Environmental Factors

Back 27

1) environmental factors
2) personality factors
3) work related factors
4) sociocultural factors

Front 28

Conflict

Back 28

which occurs when we must decide between two or more incompatible options.

Front 29

3 types of conflict

Back 29

1) approach/approach conflict
2) avoidance/ avoidance conflict
3) approach / avoidance conflict

Front 30

Approach/ approach conflict

Back 30

whick is conflict in which the individual mus choose between two attractive stimuli or circumstances.

Front 31

Avoidance/aviodance conflict

Back 31

which is conflict involving a single stimulus or circumstance that has both positive and negative characteristic.

Front 32

Approach/avoidance conflict

Back 32

which is conflict involving a single stimulus or circumstance that has both postiive and negative characteristics.

Front 33

Over load

Back 33

which occurs when stimuli become so intense tha we can no longer cope wth them

Front 34

Bunnout

Back 34

a state of physical and emotional exhaustion that includes a hpeless feeling, chronic fatigue and low energy, occurs by gradual accumulation of everyday stresses.

Front 35

Personal Factors

Back 35

help people cope more effectively with stress and make them less vulnerable to illness

Front 36

2 thpes of personality factors

Back 36

1) type a behavior pattern
2) type b behavior pattern

Front 37

Type A behavior pattern

Back 37

theorized that a cluster of characteristic egin excessively competitive, hard driven impatient and hostil is related to incidence of heart desease.

Front 38

Type B behavior pattern

Back 38

more commonly relaxed and easygoing

Front 39

Hostile and angry people

Back 39

type a behavior compontent most consistently associated with coronary problems is hostility, people who are hostile outwardly or who turn anger inward are more likley to develop heart desease than their less angry counterparts. called hot reactors

Front 40

hardiness is a personality style characterized by

Back 40

1) a sense of commitment
2) a sense of control
3) a preception of problems as challenges

Front 41

Work Related Stress

Back 41

increases when job demands are higha nd the individual has little choice in deciding how to meet the demands.

Front 42

Overload

Back 42

is another sorce of workplace stress

Front 43

Poverty

Back 43

some races are more porne to poverty and the stress that comes with it..

Front 44

Post Tramatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Back 44

is a disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event

Front 45

Symptoms and Developmental Course of PTSD

Back 45

Flash backs
constricted ability to feel emotions
excessive arousal
difficulties with memory and constraction
feelings of apprehension
impulsive outbursts of behavior

Front 46

Abuse

Back 46

many forms
abuse of a spouse, sexual abuse, rape or incest and emotional abuse

Front 47

What is coping

Back 47

is the porcess of managing taxing circumstance, expending effort to solve life's problems and seeking to master or reduce stress

Front 48

2 types of coping

Back 48

1)Problem Focused
2) emotion focused coping

Front 49

Porblem focused

Back 49

is the strategy of squarely facing one's troubles and trying to solve them

Front 50

Emotion focused coping

Back 50

is Lazarus's term for responding to stress in an emotinal manner, especially by using defensive mechanisms

Front 51

Active Cognitive stragegies

Back 51

are coping responses in which individuals actively think about a situation in an effort to adjust more effectively

Front 52

Active Behavioral straegies

Back 52

are coping responses in whch individuals take some type o f action to imporve their situation

Front 53

Avoidance coping strategies

Back 53

are responses to keep stressful circumstances out of awareness

Front 54

Coping and Contexts

Back 54

Coping is not a stand alone process it is influenced by the demands and resources of the enviroment

Front 55

Think positively and Optimistically

Back 55

thinking positively and avoiding negative thoughts is a good strategy when trying to handle stress in just about any circumstance

Front 56

Congnitive restructuring

Back 56

is the porcess of replacing the thoughts, ideas and beliefs that maintain an individuals problems.

Front 57

Self talk-self statements

Back 57

the soundless, mental speach we use then we think aboutsomething plan or solve problems is often very help fun in cognitive restructuring

Front 58

Strategies for coping

Back 58

1) think positively and Optimistically
2) increase Self control
3) seek social suppoot
4) use proactive coping
5) engage in enjoyable activities and use humor
6) use multiple coping stra

Front 59

Self talk Strategies

Back 59

1) fine tune your self talk
2) use uncomfortable emotions or moods such as stress depression and anxiety as cures for listening to yourself talk
3) cappitalizing on situations that anticipate might be difficult
4) compare your self talk predicitions
5) enlist the help of a sympathetic friend partiner or therapist
6) find out which self statements help you to cope more effectively

Front 60

Optimistic Outlook

Back 60

an optimistic out look on life might not be realistic for soem pople, but it often helps coping

Front 61

optimistic

Back 61

explain bad events as athe result of external, unstable and specific causes

Front 62

Pessimists

Back 62

explain bad events as due tointernal, stable and global cuases

Front 63

Becoming more Optimistic

Back 63

1) identify throughts and feelings you have after something unpleasent happens
2) become aware of your pattern of thinking when you experience unpleasent events
3) distract yourself from your pessimistic thoughts
4) dispute your pessimistic thoughts

Front 64

Increse Self control

Back 64

1) having an internal locus of control
2) having a strong sense of self efficancy
3) having the ability to delay graitication

Front 65

Thoutht stopping

Back 65

is a specific self control strategy in which the individuals say "STOP" when and unwanted thought occurs and than replaces it immediately with a more plesant thought.

Front 66

Empowerment

Back 66

means assisting individuals to develop skills they need to control their own lives

Front 67

Social Support

Back 67

is information and feedback from others that one is loved and cared for, esteemed and valued, and included in a network of communication and mutual obligation

Front 68

Pro active coping

Back 68

is motivated by the preception of situations and challengies ans stmulating

Front 69

laughing

Back 69

relese pent up emotions and aids redefinition of a stressful circumstance in a less threating way

Front 70

Emotinal Appriach coping

Back 70

the strategy of activenly emotion processing emotion and expressing emotion

Front 71

Rumination

Back 71

is the tendenc to passively and repeatedly focus on negative emotions and their consequences, is related to increased incidences of depression

Front 72

Emotion regulation

Back 72

the process by which individuals control which emotions they experience, when they experience them, and how they experience and show them

Front 73

Emotional intelligence

Back 73

as the ability to preceive and express emotion, understand emotion, and regulate emotion

Front 74

Daniel Goleman

Back 74

popularized the concept of emotional intelligence

Front 75

Goleman believes that being emotional intelliggent consists of

Back 75

developing emotional awareness
managing emotions
reading emotions
handling relationship

Front 76

Positive emotions

Back 76

is stressful experiences can facilitate coping in several ways
to step back from the situation and to be objective

Front 77

Second Positive emotion and social support are

Back 77

reciporcally linked

Front 78

third positive emotion

Back 78

appears toimprove our ability to cope with the physical effects of stressors

Front 79

Meditation

Back 79

is a ssystem of mental exercises that help uth individual to attain bodily or mental control and well being as well as enlightment

Front 80

Transcendental meditation

Back 80

is derived form an ancient Indian technique, it involves using a mantra

Front 81

Biofeedback

Back 81

the process inwhich individuals muscular or visceral activities are monitored by insturments.then the information from the instruments is given (fed Back) to the indiiduals so that they can learn to voluntarily control their physiological activities