Pathology Exam Ii - Respiratory

Front 1

A clinical condition that causes hypoxemia refractory to 100% oxygen is

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right to left cardiac shunt

Front 2

A tension pneumothorax occurs when

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Air enters the pleural space with each inspiration but cannot escape with expiration, thereby accumulaition with increasing pressure to displace the mediastinal structures

Front 3

Features of neonatal hyaline membrane disease include

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strong association with prematurity

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In general pulmonary surfactant is considered to

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diminish the likelihood of alveolar collapse

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Complications of pulmonary edema include

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Bronchipneumonia, hypoxemia

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The most common cause of acute cor pulmonale is

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pulmonary emboli

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Pulmonary embolism is most likely to result in pulmonary infarction if the patient also has

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congestive heart failure

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Lobar pneumonia in contrast to bronchophneumonia is characterized by

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lower mortality rate, spreading of bacteria in edema fluid from aalveolus to alveolus, streptococcus pneumonia as the etiologic agent in 95% of cases

Front 9

The most preeminent previous infection before bronchopneumonia is

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pulmonary edema

Front 10

Predominantly interstitial inflammation occurs with

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viral pneumonia

Front 11

Tubercle bacillus would most likely cause

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granulomatous inflammation

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The major mechanical pulmonary function abnormalities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the inability to expel air from their lungs efficiently, the etiologies of theis abnormality include

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collapse of small airways on expiration, mucous plugging of airways

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Hyperplasia of bronchial mucous glands is seen in

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Chronic bronchitis

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Exhalation is normally a passive respiratory function requiring no work. It becomes active in

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Emphysema

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Centrilobular emphysema most prominently involves

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upper lobes

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Asthma may be

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extensic or intrinsic

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Bronchial asthma may include

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Evidence of hyperinflation on X ray, history of sudden dyspnea and wheezing, presence of thick mucus plucs in bronchi, smooth muscle hyperplasia of bronchi

Front 18

Which diesease ususally results in increased mucus production by the tracheobronchial tree

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Asthma

Front 19

Inflammation and nevrosis of bronchi resulting in abnormal dialation is called

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bronchiectasis

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The most frequently identified neoplasm in lung is

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metastatic carcinoma

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Primary carcinomas of the respiratory tract arise least often in the

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Trachea

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The most important factor in the pathogenesis of lung cancer is

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cigarette smoking

Front 23

Lung abscesses are associated with

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Aspiration of foreign material, septic emboli

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Bronchial asthma is not associated with

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elevated serum levels of IGe

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In which type of emphysema is the respiratory bronchiole the anatomic location primarily affected

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centrilobular emphysema

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Atelectasis refers to

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incomplete expansion or collapse of lung

Front 27

The least likely condition to occur below a pulmonary obstruction is

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infarction

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What would be considered an obstructive pulmonary disease?

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Chronic bronchitis, emphysema

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In bronchial asthma you would find

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bronchial mucous plugging

Front 30

A coin lesion on a routine chest Xray could be from

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Carcinoma, granuloma,or tuberculosis

Front 31

Viral infections of the lung are most likely to result in

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interstitial lung disease

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The most common cause of clinically significant fat embolism is

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Fractures of long bones