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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Extra types of cell damage |
-Nutritional deficits -Imbalance of fluids and electrolytes |
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Abnormal metabolites and cell damage |
-genetic disorders -inborn errors of metabolism -altered metabolism |
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Microorganisms |
Bacteria and viruses |
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Chemical toxins of cells |
-Exogenous: from environment -Endogenous: from inside the body |
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Mechanical damage of cells |
Pressure or tearing of tissue |
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Physical damage to cells |
-excessive heat or cold -radiation exposure |
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Hypoxia |
Reduced oxygen in tissues |
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Ischemia |
Deficit of oxygen in the cells |
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Apoptosis |
Programmed cell death •normal occurrence in the body |
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Neoplasia |
"New growth" Commonly called tumor |
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Anaplasia |
Undifferentiated cells with variable nuclear and cell structures |
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Dysplasia |
Cells vary in size and shape within a tissue |
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Metaplasia |
Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type |
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Hyperplasia |
Increased number of cells •results in enlarged tissue mass |
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Hypertrophy |
Increase in cell size •results in enlarged tissue mass |
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Atrophy |
Decrease in the size of cells •results in reduced tissue mass |
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Notifiable or reportable diseases |
Diseases that must be reported by the physician to certain designated authorities |
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Communicable diseases |
Infections that can spread from one person to another |
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Prevalence |
Number of new and old or existing cases in a specific population within a specified time period |
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Incidence |
Number of new cases in a given population within a specified time period |
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Occurrence of disease |
Tracked by incidence and prevalence |
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Pandemics |
A higher number of cases of an infectious disease in many regions of the globe |
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Epidemics |
When a higher that expected number of cases of an infectious disease occur within a given area |
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Mortality |
Number of deaths resulting from a particular disease within a group |
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Morbidity |
Number of people with a disease within a group |
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Epidemiology |
Science of identifying the causative factors and tracking the pattern or occurrence of disease within a group |
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Rehabilitation |
Maximizing function of diseases tissues |
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Prognosis |
Probability for recovery or for other outcome |
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Convalescence |
Period of recovery |
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Sequelae |
Unwanted outcomes of primary condition |
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Therapy |
Treatment to promote or slow disease progression |
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Complications |
New secondary or additional problems |
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Precipitating factor |
Condition that triggers an acute episode |
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Syndrome |
Collection of signs and symptoms
Often affects more than one organ |
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Manifestations |
Signs and symptoms of disease |
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Prodromal period |
Early development of a disease
Signs and symptoms nonspecific or absent |
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Incubation period |
Time of exposure to a microorganism and onset of signs and symptoms |
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Latent state |
No symptoms, or clinical signs evident |
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Subclinical state |
Pathologic changes with no obvious manifestations |
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Chronic disease |
•Often milder •Develops gradually •Persists for a long time |
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Acute disease |
•develops quickly •marked signs •short term |
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Liquefaction necrosis |
Dead cells liquefy because of release of cell enzymes |
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Coagulative necrosis |
Cell proteins are altered or denatured (coagulated) |
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Coagulative necrosis |
Cell proteins are altered or denatured (coagulated) |
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Fat necrosis |
Fatty tissues broken down into fatty acids |
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Caseous necrosis |
Form of coagulation necrosis in which a thick, yellow, cheesy substance forms |
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Infarction |
Area of dead cells as a result of oxygen deprivation |
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Gangrene |
Area of necrotic tissue that has been invaded by bacteria |
