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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is an Invasive test whereby a thin flexible tube is threaded into a blood vessel until it enters a heart chamber ? |
Cardiac catheterization |
C.Catheterization |
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Coronary artherosclerosis may cause a prolonged deficiency of blood flow to the cardiac muscle & ultimately lead to myocardial infarction. — This deficiency of blood flow is referred to as: |
Myocardial Ischemia |
M. Ischemia |
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Which of the characteristics findings is NOT associated with an MI? A) peaked t-wave B) ST Segment elevation C) decreased serum troponin D) pathological q wave |
C) decreased serum troponin |
Which one has nothing to do with a rhythm wave? |
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Thrombi most commonly found at the ventricular apex post-MI is referred to as a ? |
Mural thrombus |
M.Thrombus |
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The arterial wall consists of the following layers except: A) adventitia B) media C) Elastic Lamina D) intima |
C) Elastic Lamina |
E.L |
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Patients who experience typical symptoms of angina pectoris who have no evidence of atherosclerotic coronary stenoses & have a better prognosis than those with atherosclerosis refers to patients with: A) silent ischemia B) stable angina C) Microvascular Angina D) elevated CRP |
C) microvascular angina |
MVA |
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True or false: Arrhythmias are a Common complication in the majority of patients w/ CAD & IHD |
True |
T |
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Atherosclerotic plaque typically develops first in the ____ & may develop into an _____. |
Abdominal aorta; ventricular aneurysm |
Abdominal Aor__ Ven_______ aneurysm |
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Which classification of angina is a form of unstable angina that is associated with coronary artery vasospasms & occurs at rest? A) stable B) Prinzmetals C) nocturnal D) Decubital |
B) Prinzmetals |
Prinzm_____ |
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List the 3 stages of plaque development: |
• fatty streak • fibrous plaque • complicated lesion |
Fatty st_____ Fibrous pla___ Compl______ lesion |
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Visualization of Left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities that are— induced by exercise or pharmacologic agents to aid in the diagnosis of CAD is known as which type of test? |
Stress Echo |
S.Echo |
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A catheter that is inserted into a femoral, brachial or jugular vein measures pressures in the: |
Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Artery |
RA,RV & PA |
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Computed tomography requires administration of a: |
Contrast Agent |
Con______ agent |
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“Cold spots” present in myocardial perfusion CT images may indicate all of the following except: A) myocardial ischemia B) infarcted areas C) Normal myocardial perfusion D) decreased myocardial perfusion |
C) normal myocardial perfusion |
N M P |
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Which tests is considered the “gold standard” to assess intracardiac pressures & identify CAD? |
Coronary angiography |
Cor_______ Angio_______ |
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Which test is most sensitive for the diagnosis of aortic dissection? |
Computed tomography |
CT |
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What does TTE stand for? |
Transthoracic echocardiogram |
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What does GEST stand for? |
Graduated Exercise Stress Test |
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What does TEE? |
Transesophageal echocardiogram |
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What does TMT stand for? |
Treadmill Test |
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What type of test utilizes radioisotopes such as Tc-sestamibi & Tc-tetrofosmin ? |
Nuclear imaging (SPECT) |
(SPECT) |
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True or false: Coronary artery spasms usually occur in non-diseased arteries? |
True |
T |
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Which of the following is not a vasodilator? A) nitric oxide B) prostacyclin C) Endothelin 1 D) EDHF |
C) endothelin 1 |
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Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for future CV events? A) elevated LDLs B) elevated CRPs C) Elevated HDLs D) DM |
C) Elevated HDLs |
⬆️ good fats |
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Metabolic Syndrome is also known as : |
Insulin Resistance syndrome |
Insulin Res___________ Syn___________ |
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List the 3 “i”s the myocardium/heart wall progresses through, in patients with IHD: |
Ischemia Injury Infarction |
Ish_____ Inj___ Infar_____ |
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Regarding the treatment of patients with angina, what are the 2 primary goals? |
• To salvage functional myocardium • to restore normal coronary blood |
To salvage functional myo_____ To restore normal c________b______ |
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A left heart cath is frequently performed with a ? |
Pigtail Catheter |
🐷 |
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The PCWP is equal to the pressure in what chamber? |
Left atrium LA |
LA |
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In the cath lab, peak pressure tracings are acquired directly from the chambers. This is called : |
Peak to peak PG |
P to P |
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Name one method Right heart cath used to calculate the cardiac output : |
Indicator Dilution |
I_________ Dilutions |
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True or false: IVUs is performed with a coronary artery that uses a miniature transducer that acquires images of the coronary lumen & walls |
True |
T |
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Doppler measures _________ , not ____________. |
Velocity not pressure |
V not P |
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Which of the following is NOT associated w/ the other ? A) distal to the valve B) V1 C) V2 D) P2 |
B) V1 |
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The mean pressure gradient is obtained via _______ Doppler & requires _______ of the Doppler waveform. |
CW ; Tracing |
C__ ; Tracing |
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What is the pressure gradient if a Doppler waveform has a peak velocity measurement of 4m/s? |
64mmhg |
Do the math: Formula- 4v2 4(4)^2 or 4(4) squared 4(16) 16x4= |
