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72 Cards in this Set
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Pathophysiology |
Study of functional (physiological) changes in the body which reault from disease processes |
Patho = disease Physio = body -ology = study of |
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Pathology |
Laboratory study of cell and tissue changes associated with disease |
Microscopic level! |
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Disease |
Deviation from normal structure or function Deviation from homeostasis |
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Health |
Physical. Mental, and socal well-being |
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Health indicators |
Measure which indicates stability or functioning of particular body system |
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Wellness |
Balance of mind, body, spirit Feeling of overall well-being |
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Homeostasis |
Maintenance of relatively stable internal environment |
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Gross level of patho |
Organ or body system level |
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Microscopic level |
Cell or tissue level |
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Biopsy |
Excision of small amount of living tissue |
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Autopsy |
Examination of body and organs after death |
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Diagnosis |
Identification of specific disease |
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Etiology |
Cause of disease |
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Predisposing factors |
Tendencies that promote disease development in an individual |
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Primary prevention |
Protect healthy people from developing disease |
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Secondary prevention |
Halt or slow progress of disease |
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Tertiary prevention |
Help manage complicated diseases, maximize quality of life |
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idiopathic |
cause of disease is unknown |
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iatrogenic |
disease results from treatment, a procedure, or error |
iatro = treatment -genic = causing |
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prophylaxis |
measure designed to preserve health prevent spread of disease |
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pathogenesis |
development of disease specific events causing tissue changes resulting in disease |
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insidious onset |
gradual progression of disease vague/mild signs |
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acute onset |
sudden development of disease |
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acute disease |
short term illness with marked signs/symptoms |
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chronic disease |
milder condition developing gradually usually causes more permanent tissue damage |
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subclinical state |
pathological changes but no signs/symptoms |
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latent stage |
no clinical signs evident "incubation stage" in some infections |
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prodromal stage |
changes noticed in body but signs are non-specific |
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manifestations of disease |
clinical evidence of disease signs/symptoms |
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local manifestations |
signs/symptoms as site of problem |
i.e. reddness/swelling |
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systemic manifestations |
general indicators of illness |
i.e. fever |
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signs |
objective indicators of disease |
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symptoms |
subjective feelings of patient |
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lesion |
specific local change in tissue can be microscopic or highly visible |
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syndrome |
collection of signs/symptoms |
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diagnostic tests |
lab. tests which assist in diagnosis of disease |
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course of disease |
progress of disease |
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remission |
period or condition where manifestations subside permanent or temporary |
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exacerbation |
worsening of severity of disease or its signs/symptoms |
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complications |
new secondary/additional problems from disease |
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therapy |
treatment measures promoting recovery or slowing progress of disease |
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sequelae |
potential unwanted outcomes of primary condition |
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convalescence |
period of recovery from disease |
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prognosis |
probability for recovery/other outcomes |
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rehabilitation |
maximizing function of diseased tissues |
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epidemiology |
science of identifying causative factors tracking occurrence/pattern of disease |
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morbidity |
number of people with disease in a group |
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mortality |
number of deaths resulting from specific disease in a group |
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epidemic |
higher than expected # of cases of infectious disease within given area |
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pandemic |
like epidemic but involves higher number of cases and greater regional area |
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occurrence of disease |
tracked by incidence and prevalence |
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incidence of disease |
# of new cases in given population within specified time period |
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prevalence of disease |
total number of cases in specified population within specified time period |
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communicable disease |
infections that can spread between people |
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notifiable/reportable diseases |
disease which requires report by physician to designated authorities |
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atrophy |
decrease in cell size |
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hypertrophy |
increase in cell size |
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hyperplasia |
increased number of cells |
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metaplasia |
mature cell type is replaced by another cell type |
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dysplasia |
cells vary in size/shape |
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anaplasia |
undifferentiated cells variable nuclear/cell structures |
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neoplasia |
"new growth" aka tumor |
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apoptosis |
programmed cell death normal occurrence in body |
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pyroptosis |
lysis or dissolution of cell due to infection causes inflammation |
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ischemia |
decreased O2 blood supply to tissue/organ |
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hypoxia |
reduced O2 in tissues |
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liquefaction necrosis |
liquefy due to cell enzymes |
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coagulative necrosis |
proteins denature; retaining some form after cell death |
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fat necrosis |
fatty tissue is broken down into fatty acids |
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caseous necrosis |
form of coagulation necrosis thick, yellow, "cheesy substance" |
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infarction |
area of dead cells resulting from lack of O2 |
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gangrene |
necrosis due to bacteria |
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