Nutrition Vitamins

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Vitamins

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essential organic molecules needed in very small amounts for cellular metabolism.

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Phytochemical

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non-nutritive substances in plant-based foods that appear to have disease fighting properties.

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Berber

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a sever chronic deficiency of thiamine characterized by muscle weakness and pain, anorexia, mental disorientation, and tachycardia.

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Coenzyme

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a substance that activates an enzyme

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ataxia

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muscle weakness and loss of coordination

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tachycardia

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rapids beating of the heart

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wet beriberi

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thiamine deficiency w/ edema affecting cardiac function by weakening of heart muscle and vascular system

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dry beriberi

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thiamine deficiency affecting the nervous systems, producing paralysis and extreme muscle wasting.

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Wernicke_Korsakoff syndrome

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cerebral form of beriberi that affects the central nervous system.

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Ariboflavinosis

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a group of symptoms associated w/ riboflavin deficiency

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cheilosis

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inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth and lips (angular stomatitis) caused by riboflavin and other B vitamin deficiencies.

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Glossitis

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inflammation of the tongue

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pellagra

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the deficiency disorder of niacin characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia.

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Spina bifida

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a congenital neural tube defect caused by the incomplete closure of the fetus's spine during early pregnancy; may involve incomplete development of brain, spinal cord, and/or their protective coverings, resulting in a range of disabilities.

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Anencephaly

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a congenital defect in which the brain does not develop; death may occur shortly after birth.

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Intrinsic factor

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a substance produced by stomach mucosa that is required by vitamin B12 absorption.

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Pernicious anemia

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inadequate RBC formation caused by a lack of intrinsic factor in the stomach w/ which to absorb vitamin B12

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scurvy

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extreme vitamin C deficiency disorder char. By inflammation of connective tissues, gingivitis, muscle degeneration, bruising, and hemorrhaging as the vascular system weakens.

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Anti-oxidant

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a compound that guards other compounds from damaging oxidation

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night blindness

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the inability of the eyes to readjust form bright to dim light caused by vitamin A deficiency.

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Xerophthalmia

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a condition caused by vitamin A deficiency ranging from night blindness to keratomalacia; may result in comply blindness.

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Keratomalacia

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a condition caused by vitamin A deficiency in which the cornea become dry and thickens from the formation of hard protein tissue.

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Rickets

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a childhood disorder caused by vitamin D or Calcium deficiency that leads to insufficient mineralization of bone and tooth matrix.

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Osteomalacia

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an adult disorder caused by vitamin D or Calcium deficiencies char. By soft, demineralized bones.

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Osteoporosis

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a multifactorial disorder in which bone density is reduced and remaining bone is brittle, breaking easily.

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Cystic fibrosis

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a genetic disorder in which excessive mucus is produces, primarily affecting respiratory airways, also limits fat absorption in the digestive system, most common among white population.

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Biliary atresia

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a congenital condition in which the major bile duct is blocked, limiting he availability of bile for fat digestion.

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Hyperbilirubinemia

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a neonatal condition of excessively high levels of bilirubin (red bile pigment) leading to jaundice, in which bile is deposited in tissues through out the body.