Nutrition Notecards Of Vitamins And Minerals

Front 1

What are vitamins? What are their function?

Back 1

Organic substances required in small amounts by the body in order to utilize energy, regulate body processes (including growth and maintenance)

Front 2

How are vitamins classified?

Back 2

Water soluble or fat soluble

Front 3

What are water-soluble vitamins?

Back 3

Vitamins that are absorbed directly into the blood and act as coenzymes. They are excreted in urine.
Examples: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic acid, Biotin, B6, B12, Folacin, and Vitamin C

Front 4

What are fat-soluble vitamins?

Back 4

Vitamins that are absorbed into the lymph (which requires bile and fat) and have specific functions but do NOT act as coenzymes
Examples: vitamins A, D,E, and K

Front 5

What are minerals?

Back 5

Inorganic substances required by the body in small amounts. There are 21 essential minerals that must be gained from diet- cannot be synthesized.

Front 6

Thiamin

Back 6

Function: Energy metabolism
Source: Pork, yeast, bacon, ham
Deficiency: Beri Beri (rice eating populations)
Classification: Water soluble vitamin

Front 7

Riboflavin

Back 7

Function: Energy metabolism
Source: mild, meat, dark green veggies
Deficiency: Cheilosis and glossitis
Misc: is destroyed by sunlight

Front 8

Niacin

Back 8

Aka: B3, Nicotinamide, Nicotinic Acid
Function: Energy Metabolism
Source: milk, peanuts, eggs, meat, legumes, whole grains
Deficiency: Pellagra (corn-eating population) Symptoms are death, diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis

Front 9

Biotin

Back 9

Function: Energy Metabolism
Source: widespread, liver, kidney, milk
Deficiency: Long term use of antibiodics can cause, as well as HUGE quantities of raw egg (remember avidin binds biotin)

Front 10

Pantothenic Acid

Back 10

Function: Energy Metabolism
Source: Everywhere
Deficiency: decrease in antibodies

Front 11

Iodine

Back 11

Function: Hormonal through thyroid gland
Source: seafood, iodized salt
Deficiency: Goiter
Classification: Micromineral

Front 12

Bone

Back 12

Made up of Ca, P, Vitamin D, Fluoride, and vitamin C
Constantly undergoing resynthesis and resorption.

Front 13

Resynthesis

Back 13

Addition of calcium to bone

Front 14

Resorption

Back 14

Removal of calcium from bone

Front 15

Calcium

Back 15

Function: Rigidity, strength, and hardness of bone
Source: milk and dairy products
Deficiency: Osteoporosis

Front 16

Calcium Absorption Factors

Back 16

1. Physiological need
2. HCl presence (increases it)
3. Amount of Ca in diet
4. Presence of vitamin D
5. Presence of binders such as phytic and oxalic acid
6. Presence of lactose

Front 17

Calcitonin

Back 17

Hormone released from thyroid to prevent bone resorption. Without it, calcium would be deposited in tissues

Front 18

Phosphorus

Back 18

Function: Rigidity and strength of bone
Source: Animal tissues, milk, dairy
Misc: regulated by excretion

Front 19

Fluoride

Back 19

Function: protect against cavities

May protect against osteoarthritis by making bone resistant and strong

Front 20

Vitamin D

Back 20

Function: Regulation of Ca and P levels, mineralization of bone
Source: eggs, liver, fish, fortified milk and eggs. Also synthesized by sunlight
Deficiency: Rickets/osteomalacia

Front 21

Vitamin D Active Form

Back 21

1-25 DHCC

1-25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol
Made in KIDNEY

Front 22

Vitamin C

Back 22

Function: collagen formation, resistance to infection
Sources: citrus fruits
Deficiency: Scurvy, bleeding gums, pinpoint hemorrhages

Front 23

Vitamin A Forms

Back 23

Retinol, Retinal
Retinoic Acid

Front 24

Vitamin A Functions

Back 24

1. Vision (retinal)
2. Health of epithelial tissues
3. Bone growth (unknown)
4. Reproduction (unknown)

Front 25

Xerophthalmia

Back 25

Totally blindness caused by Vitamin A deficiency

Front 26

Vitamin A

Back 26

Source: Animal tissues
Deficiency: night blindness, blindness, rough skin

Front 27

Previtamin/Preformed vitamin

Back 27

vitamin that is already formed, added, or active

Front 28

Provitamin/Precursor

Back 28

Compound that can be converted to active form

Front 29

Antivitamin

Back 29

hinders vitamin action

Front 30

Blood

Back 30

Major vehicle between organs of body carrying nutrients, hormones, oxygen, etc. Broken into two parts: plasma and blood cells

Front 31

Blood Cells

Back 31

specialized cells that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide. Biggest component is hemoglobin which actually takes up oxygen

Front 32

Anemia

Back 32

immature RBC, decreased number, or low hemoglobin

Front 33

Folacin

Back 33

Aka: Folic Acid, Folate
Function: synthesis of DNA/RNA for protein synthesis.
Source: liver, mushrooms, leafy greens
Deficiency: Anemia
Misc: stored in liver but is still water soluble vitamin

Front 34

B12

Back 34

Aka: Cobalamin
Function: Utilization of folic acid and nervous system purposes yet unknown
Sources: animal
Deficiency: Anemia
Misc: can take up to 10 years to show up as deificient

Front 35

Iron Absorption Factors

Back 35

1. Metabolic Need
2. Form of Iron
3. Stomach acidity
4. Presence of vitamin C
5. Presence of binders

Front 36

Iron

Back 36

Deficiency: RBC are unable to carry enough oxygen, fatigue
Sources: liver, red meats, poultry

Front 37

Vitamin K

Back 37

Function: clotting
Source: alfalfa, broccoli, liver

Front 38

B6

Back 38

Aka: pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine
Function: conversion of tryptophan to niacin
Source: everywhere

Front 39

Vitamin E

Back 39

Function: antioxidant, prevents destruction of cell walls
Source: widespread
Deficiency: anemia

Front 40

Zinc

Back 40

Function: healing, growth, enzyme component
Source: animal
Deficiency: delayed growth and sexual maturation