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203 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the follow does not describe a vitamin?
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They provide a rich source of energy
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The biochemical functions of Vit A?
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-controlling vision in dim and bright light
-development and maintenance of epithelial cells -cell differentiation -fetal growth and development |
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Excess amount of most fat soluble vitamins are?
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Stored in the liver or adipose tissue
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In the interstitial cells?
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Beta carotene is split by an intestinal enzyme to form 2 sources of Vit A
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When the eyes have _____ level of ____ night vision is low
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Low, rhodopsin
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T/F “When the eyes have low level of rhodopsin night vision is low” The condition described above exist because of high amounts of Vit A in the body
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False
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Potential danger of using accutane for acene is that?
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It can cause spontaneous abortions and birth defects
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Vit A absorption is increased with the intake of dietary triglycerides?
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True
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Calcitriol, the active form of Vit A functions in bone health by?
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Helping to release calcium from the bones, or helping to deposit calcium in the bones
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Primary function of Vit E is to serve as a ?
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Antioxidant
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T/F “When the eyes have low level of rhodopsin night vision is low” The condition described above exist because of high amounts of Vit A in the body
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False
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Potential danger of using accutane for acene is that?
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It can cause spontaneous abortions and birth defects
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Vit A absorption is increased with the intake of dietary triglycerides?
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True
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Calcitriol, the active form of Vit A functions in bone health by?
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Helping to release calcium from the bones, or helping to deposit calcium in the bones
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Primary function of Vit E is to serve as a ?
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Antioxidant
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The most nutrient dense source of vit E is?
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Vegetable oil
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Which vitamin is synthesized by bacteria in the intestine?
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Vit K
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Vit D is sometime called the “sunshine” vitamin because?
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Exposure to sunlight converts to a precursor form in the skin to Vit D
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T/F Supplementation of large doses of Vit E has been shown to reduce the risk of CVD
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False
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T/F The fat soluble vit all have hormone like activity
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False
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Vit K deficiency is most likely to result from?
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Antibiotic therapy
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Blood clotting ?
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Vit K
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Beriberi?
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Thiamin
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Hemolytic Anemia?
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Vit E
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Glottis?
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Riboflavin
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Which of the follow would you look for in a Vit/Min supplement?
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Basic essential ingredients
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Kale broccoli?
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Vit K
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Milk?
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Vit D
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Pork, sunflower seeds?
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Thiamin
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Sunflower Oil?
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Vit E
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Dairy enriched breads?
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Riboflavin
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Most B vitamins function as?
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Coenzymes
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In general, risk of toxicity is _____ for fat soluble vitamins when compared to water soluble vitamins because they can be _____
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Higher, stored in adipose tissue
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Nutritionally, the different between brown rice and white rice is?
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The presence of bran and germ have the most of the nutrients
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Osteomalacia?
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Vit D
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Xenophtalmia?
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Vit A
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Pellagra?
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Niacin
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Rickets?
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Vit D
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Vit most easily destroyed by sunlight is?
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Riboflavin
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Niacin can be made in the body from?
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Tryptophan
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The riboflavin coenzymes, FAD and FMA have _____ function in cellular metabolism
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Oxidation and reduction
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Which of the foods listed below contain niacin in a bound form, making it not available for digestion absorption?
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Corn
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Which of the actions below would help preserve the vitamins food content?
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Avoid adding fats to vegetables during cooking if you plan to discard cooking liquid
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T/F As discussed in class, the process of enriching grains still leave the product lacking in some retinoid and carotenoid
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False
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Which of the following could be a reason for thiamin deficiency?
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Alcohol abuse
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T/F In the human body, symptoms of deficiency appear more quickly when the deficiency is related to water soluble vitamins
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True
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Risk of Peleagra?
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Male alcoholic who used to be a professional chef
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T/F The water soluble vitamins discussed in class are usually absorbed in the large intestine
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False
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Generally after absorption fat soluble vitamins are transported to the liver using which lipoprotein?
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Chylomicron
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T/F The symptoms of Beriberi are the 4Ds?
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False
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Which of the following has been cied as a reason the US has recently seen an inc in the occurance of rickets?
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Overuse of sunscreen and or no exposure to sunlight
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Eugene is in the Peace Corps working in a part of Asia. He recently has started to chew tea and bentel nut leaves. What Vit would he render inactive by his action?
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Thiamin
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T/F Vitamin are important to health because of the energy they contain
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False
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Which of the following individuals may benefit most from a vit/mineral supplements?
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Pregnant teenager who smokes
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T/F Digestion is the process of the uptake of nutrients into the blood and lymph?
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False
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A coordinated muscular contraction that propels food down the GI tract?
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Peristalsis
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Many digestion enzymes are synthesized by the?
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Pancreas and small intestines
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Gastin, CCK, and Gastric inhibitory peptide are examples of?
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Hormones
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Human digestion of food begins in the _____ where the enzyme ______ breaks down small amount of starch?
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Mouth, amylase
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At the beginning of a meal the hormone ______ is secreted from the stomach; this hormone controls the release of ______?
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Gastrin, HCL
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Heartburn is caused by?
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The lower esophageal sphincter allowing backflow of stomach content into the esophagus
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Gastric secretion pepsin is necessary for?
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Protein digestion
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most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs in the?
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Small intestine
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T/F Antibiotic use is a common means of depleting our healthy bacterial flora in the colon?
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True
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Bile is formed in the _____ and stored in the _____?
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Liver, gallbladder
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Secretion from the pancreases includes?
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Sodium bicarbonate and enzymes
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Water soluble nutrients enter into the cells of the body by way of ?
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Blood
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Lymph?
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Transport fat soluble nutrients from the intestinal tract to greater circulation
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An example of a proboitic is?
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Bacteria in yogurt
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Functions of the large intestines include?
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-housing bacterial flora that keeps the GI tract health
-absorbing of water and electrolytes |
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Which of the following dietary or nutritional factors may worsen gastro esophageal reflux disease?
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-high fat meals
-consumption of caffine -high acidic food -smoking -laying down after a meal |
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A sensible idea for preventing constipation is to?
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Include more food such as whole grain breads, beans, and apples in the diet
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Which persons below would be of greatest medical concern if they had diarrhea
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Elderly reclusive
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T/F glucose, galactose, and fructose are monosaccharide’s; maltose sucrose and lactose are polysaccharides
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False
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Susan is a 20 year old full time student who works part time in the evening and on weekends she eats on the run and rarely works out. Lately she has been experiencing irregular bowel and uncomfortable bloating which one of the following would you recommend for Susan?
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Place an emphases on consuming less fatty meals and increase her fiber intake
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Most people can easily digest what carbohydrate bond?
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Alpha Bond
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Protein sparing meals?
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Carbohydrate intake in adequate amount will allow body protein to be used for other processes rather than being used as a source of enzymes
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After digestion and absorption carbs may be?
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-used for energy
-converted to glucagon -synthesis as fat |
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Rich in complex carb?
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Kidney beans, seafood, turkey sandwiched on whole wheat, fresh apple, and nuts
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When increasing fiber intake one should?
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One should introduce fluid intake and introduce high fiber food slowly
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T/F If john has pku should he avoid products containing aspartame
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True
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Rich source of starch?
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Yellow potatoes
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What is one reason food manufacturers use high fructose corn syrup?
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Less expensive
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T/F Many individuals with lactose intolerance has difficulty digesting milk products because they lack the enzyme to digest galactose?
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False
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T/F Metabolism syndrome is characterized by insulin resistance, obesity, high blood pressure and cholesterol
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True
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T/F Indigestible carb help with many functions including promoting bowel health and enhancing blood glucose control
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True
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amylase?
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many glucose molecules
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lactose?
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glucose+galactose
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maltose?
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glucose+glucose
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sucrose?
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fructose+glucose
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Ketosis may result from ?
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-strarvation
-diet contrainging less than the RDA for carb -a very low carb weight loss plan such as atkins |
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T/F Type I diabetes the does not produce insulin
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True
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Why does starch specifically amylopectin, lead to a quick rise in blood glucose level?
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It is a slightly branched molecula so it has more sites for enzymes activity which leads to quick digestion
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T/F glycogen is the storage formed glucose and found in skeletal tissue
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False
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T/F All the disaccharides are absorbed via active absorption
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False
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Who could have a problem with a very high fiber diet?
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-3 year old toddler
-89 year old female -severely malnourished 20 year old |
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Jojo consumes 2,700 calories a day. Using Who rec for sugar consumption determin intake of calorie from sugar?
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270
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Which factors increase a persons risk for type 2 diabetes?
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-high body weight
-age -inactivity |
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What blood glucose regulating hormone is released when a person experiences hypoglycemia?
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Glucagon
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How does glucagon return the blood glucose level to normal?
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-break down glucagon to form glucose
-inc gluconeogenesis |
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What does blood glucose regulating hormone is released when a person experiences hyper glycemia?
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Insulin
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How does insulin return glucose to normal?
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glucose is transported into cells and made into glycogen
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The main form of lipid found in the food we eat is?
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Triglyceride
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fatty acid chains can differ from one another in the following eay with exception of
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Number of calories
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omega 3 and 6 are classified as _____ fatty acids?
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Essential
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monounsaturated fatty acid are?
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-liquid at room temp
- contain one double bond -derived from plant -can be made into transfat |
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saturated fat has a?
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straight chain with transform
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unsaturated fat?
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Bent chain with cis form
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Hydrogenation?
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The process of adding hydrogen to a fatty acid to yield a saturated fat
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1. What we eat and our genetic makeup are two factors that determine health outcomes?
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b. False
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2. Carbohydrates and protein provide the following kcal per gram?
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a. 4 kcal
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3. The following meal is rich in what macronutrients? Steamed mixed veggies served over whole wheat pasta?
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a. Carbohydrates
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4. Which is true about Saturated fats?
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a. All answers true.
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5. Unlike macronutrients the micronutrients are not essential?
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a. False
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6. Jack consumes 60 grams of carbs 5g of saturated fat, 5g unsaturated fats, 20 grams of protein and meal meets 25 percent of daily value. How many kcal did he consume?
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a. 410
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7. Amount of heat required to raise temp of 1 g of water to 1 degree of Celsius is a killajoule?
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a. False
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8. The following diseases are linked to our nutrition intake? CVD, hypertension, high blood pressure, diabetes?
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a. True
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9. Americans can improve diet by?
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a. Consume whole grain products.
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10. Red flag indicator of poor nutrition advice is?
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a. Based on single studies and without peer reviews
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11. Under nutrition and over nutrition are different forms of mal nutrition?
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a. True
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12. What percent of adams diet comes from fat, he consumes 2200 kcal and 74 grams of fat?
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a. 30%
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13. Micronutrients yield no energy and some can be lost during cooking?
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a. True
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14. When is an AI set for a nutrient?
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a. When there is not enough known available for RDA
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15. Which DRI is aim to prevent deficiency and chronic diseases set to meet 97 to 98% of population?
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a. RDA
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16. Factors affecting amount of nutrients in food?
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a. Farming conditions, ripeness of plants when harvested, cooking process, length of storage.
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17. The food philosophy of variety, equality and justice and physical activity in my pyramid?
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a. False
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18. Dietary guidelines of Americans used to guide government nutrition programs and goals to meet nutrition needs while lowering risk of acute diseases?
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a. False
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19. Nutrients listed on nutrient facts panel are greatest public health concern in US?
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a. True
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20. Fresh fruits and veggies are now required to have nutrition label?
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a. False
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21. Which statement can be placed on food label?
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a. Consumption of vitamin C may decrease risk of cancer.
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22. Andy adds 2 pounds of muscle on in one months time, could this change in body composition affect his BMR?
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a. True(yes)
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23. What is now represented in my pyramid that was missing in the food guide?
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a. Physical Activity
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24. Basic unit of carbohydrate is glucose, and contains carbon hydrogen and oxygen molecules?
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a. True
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25. The dietary supplement and health education act of 1994 made it possible for?
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a. Dietary supplements to be sold without prior FDA approval
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26. The AHA and registered dietician is two sources of reliable nutrition info.?
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a. True.
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27. The United States department of agriculture and FDA are govt. agencies in charge of regulating food supply?
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a. True
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28. High susceptibility to food borne illness?
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a. Lillie: 80 year old great grandmother.
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29. Why so many food borne illness cases in US.?
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a. We eat out to much and we do not have enough food knowledge. It has decreased.
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1. Functions of fat include all but what?
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a. Build and repair tissue
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2. Recommendations suggest we consume approximately one third of our fat from polyunsaturated fats. All the following would be correct to achieve this goal except?
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a. Lard
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3. Cholesterol is?
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a. All are correct?
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4. Angel has been instructed to reduce his fat intake to less than 30% of his total calories. He currently consumes 2000 calories per day. How many grams of fat should he be consuming?
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a. 66 grams
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5. A diet designed to reduce risk of CVD?
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a. All choices are correct
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6. HDL’s have a protective effect against heart disease?
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a. True
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7. Americans eat more omega 3 than omega 6 fatty acids?
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a. False
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8. What is comprised of glycerol and fatty acids?
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a. Triglyceride
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9. Omega 3 fatty acid derivative of?
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a. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
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10. Sterol manufactured in body?
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a. Cholesterol
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11. Major lipid class that contains phosphorus, fatty acid and glycerol?
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a. Phospholipids
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12. Omega 6 fatty acid derivative?
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a. Arachadonic acid
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13. Omega 3?
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a. Associated with decreased inflammation response, improved mental health.
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14. Phospholipid?
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a. Is an emulsifier, component of cell membranes
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15. LDL?
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a. Lipids made by body packaged for transport in form, associated with negative health outcomes.
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16. Omega 6?
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a. Associated with activating bodies inflammatory response, ample supply found in American diet.
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17. Chylomicron?
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a. Dietary lipids packaged for absorption in this form, only made in intestinal cells.
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18. The basic building blocks of protein are------, which are bonded together by a(n)-------- bond.
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a. Amino acids, peptide
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19. A body function that is not associated with protein is?
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a. Cholesterol synthesis
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20. Which of the following foods provides all essential amino acids?
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a. Milk
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21. Which of the following conditions could result in a negative nitrogen balance?
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a. AID’S
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22. RDA for healthy adults is .8g/kg of body weight. What is the recommended amount of protein intake for healthy 121 pound female who engages in following high risk activities: smokes, sedentary, weekend binge drinker, and rides bicycle without use of helmet?
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a. 44 grams
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23. Kwashiorkor?
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a. Disease of severely deficient protein intake.
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24. Which is a sign of protein deficiency?
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a. Edema
b. Mild to moderate weight loss c. Poor resistance to infection |
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25. Marasmus is characterized by?
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a. Extreme weight loss and fat loss
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26. For average north American, protein needs are easily met through typical diet without need for supplementation?
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a. True
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27. Following are essential amino acids, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylaline, threonine,tryptophan, valine, histidine?
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a. True
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31. The component you identified above, once removed, becomes-------, which------?
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a. Urea, is excreted as waste product in urine.
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32. What is left after deanimation is a nitrogen skeleton which can be used to make glucose and other compounds?
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a. False
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33. Where does alcohol metabolism predominantly occur in body?
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a. Liver
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34. Which of the following statement is correct concerning moderate alcohol intake?
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a. Moderate intake is 1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men, and body uses alcohol dehydronase pathway to break it down.
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35. Alcohol is absorbed into gastrointestinal tract via facilitated diffusion?
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a. False
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36. The energy currency the body uses is------ and it is primarily derived from catabolism of ------?
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a. ATP, monosaccharide’s
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37. When a compound is oxidized it------one or more hydrogens and electrons.--------is an example of oxidized compound we discussed in cellular respiration?
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a. Loses, glucose.
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38. What function does NAD have?
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a. Picks up delivers hydrogen to acceptor molecules.
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39. If oxygen is present then metabolism is considered to be?
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a. Aerobic
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40. Glycolysis is a biochemical pathway that?
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a. Breaks down glucose
b. Generates energy c. Takes place in lystol |
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41. The net yield of ATP via glycolysis is?
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a. 2 ATP’S
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42. In the electron transport chain------ and----- are produced?
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a. Water, ATP
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43. Before protein can become energy source the------- must be removed from molecule, and the group is excreted as-------?
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a. NH3, Urea
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44. Gluconeogenis is produced of the body?
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a. Produces glucose from certain amino acid molecules.
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45. Fasting or starvation accelerates?
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a. Gluconeogenisis
b. Ketone body production c. Body protein breakdown d. Body fat breakdown |
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46. Metabolism is regulated by?
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a. Hormones such as insulin
b. Presence or activity of enzymes c. ATP levels in individual cells |
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47. Anabolic metabolism refers to pathways that build larger, more complex compounds?
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a. True
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48. The kidney is a major organ that regulates metabolism?
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a. False
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49. One glucose molecule contains more energy than one ATP molecule?
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a. True
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50. The carbon skeleton of ketogenic amino acids can make glucose participate in glycolysis?
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a. False
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51. Breakdown of pyruvate to acetal coA?
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a. Transition reaction
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52. Breakdown of glucose to pyruvate?
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a. Glycolysis
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53. Electrons are transferred several times to make ATP?
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a. (ETC) Electron transport chain
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54. Series of metabolic reactions which starts with acetal co A and ends with the yielding of ATP’S,NAD’H’S AND FAD-H’S?
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a. Citric acid cycle
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55. Transformation of pyruvate to lactic acid?
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a. Anaerobic respiration
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56. When diet contains more energy that expended the excess is?
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a. Stored in fat in adipose tissue
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57. A slowed basal metabolism rate due to loss of lean body mass is a consequence of continuous yo yo dieting?
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a. True
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58. Bmr includes which of the following processes?
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a. None are correct
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59. Of the following people who is the most at risk of a eating disorder?
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a. 16 year old female
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60. Body mass index is extremely accurate gage of body composition in all populations?
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a. False
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61. Compared to men BASAL METABOLISM is--------- due to -------?
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a. Lower, lean muscle mass
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62. Factor that can decrease bmr is?
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a. Consumption of low energy diet.
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63. How many calories are in one pound of fat?
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a. 3500
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64. Pedro wants to lose 5 pounds for college graduation, he currently consumes 3800 calories. How many calories would you recommend pedro consume daily for safe weight loss?
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a. 3300
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65. Referring to previous ? about how long would it take pedro to reach his weight loss goal?
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a. 5 weeks
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66. A person whom binge eats may use these methods to purge food from the body, vomiting, fasting, laxatives, excessive exercise?
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a. True
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67. In clinical settings one may find patients with anorexia nervosa are susceptible to which?
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a. Developing marasmus
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68. Genetics and environment both play a role in body weight?
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a. True
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